| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12809 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Phospholipase A2 group V |
| Synonyms
|
- PLA2-10
- Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 5
|
| Gene Name
| PLA2G5 |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids. Hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids (phospholipase A2 activity), preferentially releasing fatty acyl groups with a low degree of unsaturation such as oleoyl (C18:1) and linoleoyl (C18:2) groups (PubMed:14962950). Hydrolyzes low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phospholipids releasing unsaturated fatty acids that drive macrophage polarization toward an M2 phenotype (PubMed:14962950, PubMed:24910243). May act in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Contributes to lipid remodeling of cellular membranes at different subcellular locations and generation of lipid mediators involved in pathogen clearance. Cleaves sn-2 fatty acyl chains of cardiolipin, a major component of the inner membrane of mitochondria and bacterial membranes (By similarity). Promotes phagocytosis of bacteria in macrophages through production of lysophosphatidylethanolamines (By similarity). Displays bactericidal activity against Gram-positive bacteria by directly hydrolyzing the phospholipids of the bacterial membrane (PubMed:11694541, PubMed:16407308). Promotes phagocytosis and killing of ingested fungi likely through controlling phagosome-lysosome fusion and phagosome maturation (PubMed:19342668). Plays a role in biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) in myeloid cells (By similarity). In eosinophils, triggers perinuclear arachidonate release and LTC4 synthesis in a PLA2G4A-independent way (By similarity). In neutrophils, amplifies CysLTs biosynthesis initiated by PLA2G4A (By similarity). Promotes immune complex clearance in macrophages via stimulating synthesis of CysLTs, which act through CYSLTR1 to trigger phagocytosis (PubMed:20432503). May regulate antigen processing in antigen-presenting cells (PubMed:20817863). In pulmonary macrophages regulates IL33 production required for activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells (PubMed:29346348). May play a role in the biosynthesis of N-acyl ethanolamines that regulate energy metabolism. Hydrolyzes N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines to N-acyl lysophosphatidylethanolamines, which are further cleaved by a lysophospholipase D to release N-acyl ethanolamines (By similarity). |
| Pathways
|
- alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism
- Arachidonic acid metabolism
- Ether lipid metabolism
- Fat digestion and absorption
- Glycerophospholipid metabolism
- leukotriene B4 biosynthesis
- leukotriene C4 biosynthesis
- Linoleic acid metabolism
- Pancreatic secretion
- phospholipid metabolism
- Ras signaling pathway
- Vascular smooth muscle contraction
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| low-density lipoprotein particle remodeling |
| positive regulation of phospholipase activity |
| positive regulation of phagosome maturation |
| positive regulation of opsonization |
| positive regulation of immune complex clearance by monocytes and macrophages |
| positive regulation of antifungal innate immune response |
| phagosome-lysosome fusion |
| positive regulation of phagocytosis |
| arachidonic acid secretion |
| regulation of macrophage activation |
| positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation |
| leukotriene biosynthetic process |
| phosphatidylcholine catabolic process |
| platelet activating factor biosynthetic process |
| negative regulation of inflammatory response |
| fatty acid metabolic process |
| cardiolipin acyl-chain remodeling |
| phospholipid metabolic process |
| positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade |
| Cellular Component |
| plasma membrane |
| extracellular region |
| perinuclear region of cytoplasm |
| cell surface |
| Golgi apparatus |
| recycling endosome |
| early phagosome |
| phagolysosome |
| Molecular Function |
| phospholipase A2 activity consuming 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine) |
| calcium ion binding |
| heparin binding |
| phospholipase A2 activity (consuming 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) |
| calcium-independent phospholipase A2 activity |
| calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 activity |
| phospholipase A2 activity |
| receptor binding |
| phospholipid binding |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| 137 |
| Molecular Weight
| 15859.25 |
| Theoretical pI
| 8.036 |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| P97391 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| PA2G5_MOUSE |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Tischfield JA, Xia YR, Shih DM, Klisak I, Chen J, Engle SJ, Siakotos AN, Winstead MV, Seilhamer JJ, Allamand V, Gyapay G, Lusis AJ: Low-molecular-weight, calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 genes are linked and map to homologous chromosome regions in mouse and human. Genomics. 1996 Mar 15;32(3):328-33. doi: 10.1006/geno.1996.0126. [PubMed:8838795 ]
- Bingham CO 3rd, Fijneman RJ, Friend DS, Goddeau RP, Rogers RA, Austen KF, Arm JP: Low molecular weight group IIA and group V phospholipase A(2) enzymes have different intracellular locations in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 29;274(44):31476-84. doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31476. [PubMed:10531350 ]
- Koduri RS, Gronroos JO, Laine VJ, Le Calvez C, Lambeau G, Nevalainen TJ, Gelb MH: Bactericidal properties of human and murine groups I, II, V, X, and XII secreted phospholipases A(2). J Biol Chem. 2002 Feb 22;277(8):5849-57. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109699200. Epub 2001 Nov 2. [PubMed:11694541 ]
- Balestrieri B, Hsu VW, Gilbert H, Leslie CC, Han WK, Bonventre JV, Arm JP: Group V secretory phospholipase A2 translocates to the phagosome after zymosan stimulation of mouse peritoneal macrophages and regulates phagocytosis. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 10;281(10):6691-8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M508314200. Epub 2006 Jan 1. [PubMed:16407308 ]
- Balestrieri B, Maekawa A, Xing W, Gelb MH, Katz HR, Arm JP: Group V secretory phospholipase A2 modulates phagosome maturation and regulates the innate immune response against Candida albicans. J Immunol. 2009 Apr 15;182(8):4891-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803776. [PubMed:19342668 ]
- Boilard E, Lai Y, Larabee K, Balestrieri B, Ghomashchi F, Fujioka D, Gobezie R, Coblyn JS, Weinblatt ME, Massarotti EM, Thornhill TS, Divangahi M, Remold H, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Arm JP, Lee DM: A novel anti-inflammatory role for secretory phospholipase A2 in immune complex-mediated arthritis. EMBO Mol Med. 2010 May;2(5):172-87. doi: 10.1002/emmm.201000072. [PubMed:20432503 ]
- Sato H, Taketomi Y, Ushida A, Isogai Y, Kojima T, Hirabayashi T, Miki Y, Yamamoto K, Nishito Y, Kobayashi T, Ikeda K, Taguchi R, Hara S, Ida S, Miyamoto Y, Watanabe M, Baba H, Miyata K, Oike Y, Gelb MH, Murakami M: The adipocyte-inducible secreted phospholipases PLA2G5 and PLA2G2E play distinct roles in obesity. Cell Metab. 2014 Jul 1;20(1):119-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.002. Epub 2014 Jun 5. [PubMed:24910243 ]
- Yamaguchi M, Samuchiwal SK, Quehenberger O, Boyce JA, Balestrieri B: Macrophages regulate lung ILC2 activation via Pla2g5-dependent mechanisms. Mucosal Immunol. 2018 May;11(3):615-626. doi: 10.1038/mi.2017.99. Epub 2017 Dec 20. [PubMed:29346348 ]
|
