| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12733 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Orsellinic acid synthase ArmB |
| Synonyms
|
- OAS
- Melledonol synthase
- Melleolides biosynthesis cluster protein armB
- Non-reducing polyketide synthase ArmB
|
| Gene Name
| ARMB |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Non-reducing polyketide synthase, part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of melleolides, a range of antifungal and phytotoxic polyketide derivatives composed of an orsellinic acid (OA) moiety esterified to various sesquiterpene alcohols (By similarity). The first step in melleolides biosynthesis is performed by the delta(6)-protoilludene synthase PRO1 which catalyzes the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to protoilludene (By similarity). The orsellinic acid synthase armB produces OA by condensing acetyl-CoA with 3 malonyl-CoA units in a three-round chain elongation reaction folowed by a C2-C7 ring closure (By similarity). ArmB further catalyzes the trans-esterification of OA to the various sesquiterpene alcohols resulting from the hydroxylation of protoilludene (By similarity). The melleolides cluster also includes 5 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, 4 NAD(+)-dependent oxidoreductases, one flavin-dependent oxidoreductase, and one O-methyltransferase (By similarity). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases may be involved in protoilludene hydroxylation to elaborate melleolides with multiple alcohol groups, such as melleolide D, which carries alcohol functionalities at C-4, C-5, C-10, and C-13 (By similarity). The role of the NAD(+)-dependent enzymes remains unknown (By similarity). Numerous melleolides, including arnamial, show 5'-O-methylation of the aromatic moiety which may be catalyzed by the methyltransferase encoded in the cluster (By similarity). The flavin-dependent oxidoreductase might represent the dehydrogenase yielding the aldehyde in position 1 of arnamial and other melleolides (By similarity). Finally, several halogenase localized outside of the cluster (armH1 to armH5), are able to catalyze the transfer of a single chlorine atom to the melleolide backbone, resulting in a 6'-chloromelleolide product (By similarity). |
| Pathways
|
Not Available
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| fatty acid biosynthetic process |
| pathogenesis |
| Molecular Function |
| 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase activity |
| phosphopantetheine binding |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| Not Available |
| Molecular Weight
| 237466.145 |
| Theoretical pI
| Not Available |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
Not Available
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| A0A284RE13 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| ARMB_ARMOS |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Sipos G, Prasanna AN, Walter MC, O'Connor E, Balint B, Krizsan K, Kiss B, Hess J, Varga T, Slot J, Riley R, Boka B, Rigling D, Barry K, Lee J, Mihaltcheva S, LaButti K, Lipzen A, Waldron R, Moloney NM, Sperisen C, Kredics L, Vagvolgyi C, Patrignani A, Fitzpatrick D, Nagy I, Doyle S, Anderson JB, Grigoriev IV, Guldener U, Munsterkotter M, Nagy LG: Genome expansion and lineage-specific genetic innovations in the forest pathogenic fungi Armillaria. Nat Ecol Evol. 2017 Dec;1(12):1931-1941. doi: 10.1038/s41559-017-0347-8. Epub 2017 Oct 30. [PubMed:29085064 ]
- Bohnert M, Miethbauer S, Dahse HM, Ziemen J, Nett M, Hoffmeister D: In vitro cytotoxicity of melleolide antibiotics: structural and mechanistic aspects. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2011 Apr 1;21(7):2003-6. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.026. Epub 2011 Feb 12. [PubMed:21376582 ]
- Chi CW, Chen CC, Chen YJ: Therapeutic and radiosensitizing effects of armillaridin on human esophageal cancer cells. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:459271. doi: 10.1155/2013/459271. Epub 2013 Jun 24. [PubMed:23864890 ]
- Li Z, Wang Y, Jiang B, Li W, Zheng L, Yang X, Bao Y, Sun L, Huang Y, Li Y: Structure, cytotoxic activity and mechanism of protoilludane sesquiterpene aryl esters from the mycelium of Armillaria mellea. J Ethnopharmacol. 2016 May 26;184:119-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.044. Epub 2016 Mar 4. [PubMed:26952552 ]
- Chang WH, Huang HL, Huang WP, Chen CC, Chen YJ: Armillaridin induces autophagy-associated cell death in human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. Tumour Biol. 2016 Oct;37(10):14291-14300. doi: 10.1007/s13277-016-5208-6. Epub 2016 Sep 3. [PubMed:27592257 ]
- Sipos G, Anderson JB, Nagy LG: Armillaria. Curr Biol. 2018 Apr 2;28(7):R297-R298. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.026. [PubMed:29614282 ]
- Leu YS, Chen YJ, Chen CC, Huang HL: Induction of Autophagic Death of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Armillaridin from Armillaria mellea. Am J Chin Med. 2019;47(6):1365-1380. doi: 10.1142/S0192415X19500708. Epub 2019 Sep 5. [PubMed:31488037 ]
- Liu TP, Chen CC, Shiao PY, Shieh HR, Chen YY, Chen YJ: Armillaridin, a Honey Medicinal Mushroom, Armillaria mellea (Higher Basidiomycetes) Component, Inhibits Differentiation and Activation of Human Macrophages. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2015;17(2):161-8. doi: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.v17.i2.70. [PubMed:25746621 ]
- Cromey MG, Drakulic J, Beal EJ, Waghorn IAG, Perry JN, Clover GRG: Susceptibility of Garden Trees and Shrubs to Armillaria Root Rot. Plant Dis. 2020 Feb;104(2):483-492. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1147-RE. Epub 2019 Nov 20. [PubMed:31746694 ]
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