| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12712 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Digoxin reductase |
| Synonyms
|
- Cardenolide reductase
- Cardiac glycoside reductase operon protein 2
|
| Gene Name
| CGR2 |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Involved in the inactivation of the cardiac medication and plant natural product digoxin, thus decreasing drug efficacy and toxicity. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated butyrolactone ring of digoxin to the inactive metabolite dihydrodigoxin. Likely uses the cytochrome Cgr1 as the physiological electron donor, encoded by the adjacent gene in the locus. Only reduces digoxin and other cardenolide toxins, such as digitoxin, digoxigenin, ouabain and ouabagenin. Therefore is a specialized enzyme present in some gut bacteria E.lenta that protects their human host against ingested plant toxins. |
| Pathways
|
Not Available
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| response to toxin |
| Cellular Component |
| plasma membrane |
| Molecular Function |
| metal ion binding |
| 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding |
| oxidoreductase activity |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| 560 |
| Molecular Weight
| 59160.825 |
| Theoretical pI
| 4.561 |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
|
| Signals
|
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| C8WLM1 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| CGR2_EGGLE |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Saunders E, Pukall R, Abt B, Lapidus A, Glavina Del Rio T, Copeland A, Tice H, Cheng JF, Lucas S, Chen F, Nolan M, Bruce D, Goodwin L, Pitluck S, Ivanova N, Mavromatis K, Ovchinnikova G, Pati A, Chen A, Palaniappan K, Land M, Hauser L, Chang YJ, Jeffries CD, Chain P, Meincke L, Sims D, Brettin T, Detter JC, Goker M, Bristow J, Eisen JA, Markowitz V, Hugenholtz P, Kyrpides NC, Klenk HP, Han C: Complete genome sequence of Eggerthella lenta type strain (IPP VPI 0255). Stand Genomic Sci. 2009 Sep 28;1(2):174-82. doi: 10.4056/sigs.33592. [PubMed:21304654 ]
- Haiser HJ, Gootenberg DB, Chatman K, Sirasani G, Balskus EP, Turnbaugh PJ: Predicting and manipulating cardiac drug inactivation by the human gut bacterium Eggerthella lenta. Science. 2013 Jul 19;341(6143):295-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1235872. [PubMed:23869020 ]
- Koppel N, Bisanz JE, Pandelia ME, Turnbaugh PJ, Balskus EP: Discovery and characterization of a prevalent human gut bacterial enzyme sufficient for the inactivation of a family of plant toxins. Elife. 2018 May 15;7. pii: 33953. doi: 10.7554/eLife.33953. [PubMed:29761785 ]
|
