Hmdb loader
Identification
HMDB Protein ID HMDBP12618
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Name Apelin
Synonyms
  1. APJ endogenous ligand
Gene Name APLN
Protein Type Unknown
Biological Properties
General Function Not Available
Specific Function Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (aplnra and/or aplnrb) (PubMed:17336905). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (PubMed:17336905). Plays a role in early coronary blood vessels formation. Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner. May also have a role in the central control of body fluid homeostasis (By similarity).
Pathways
  • Apelin signaling pathway
  • Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
Reactions Not Available
GO Classification
Biological Process
drinking behavior
mesodermal cell migration
lymph vessel development
determination of liver left/right asymmetry
determination of heart left/right asymmetry
cell migration involved in mesendoderm migration
cell migration involved in gastrulation
angioblast cell migration from lateral mesoderm to midline
coronary vasculature development
negative regulation of blood pressure
positive regulation of heart contraction
angiogenesis
heart development
response to hypoxia
Cellular Component
extracellular space
Molecular Function
receptor ligand activity
hormone activity
apelin receptor binding
Cellular Location Not Available
Gene Properties
Chromosome Location Not Available
Locus Not Available
SNPs Not Available
Gene Sequence Not Available
Protein Properties
Number of Residues 77
Molecular Weight 8572.03
Theoretical pI 11.926
Pfam Domain Function
Signals
  • 1-22;
Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Protein Sequence Not Available
GenBank ID Protein Not Available
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q4TTN8
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name APEL_DANRE
PDB IDs Not Available
GenBank Gene ID Not Available
GeneCard ID Not Available
GenAtlas ID Not Available
HGNC ID Not Available
References
General References
  1. Howe K, Clark MD, Torroja CF, Torrance J, Berthelot C, Muffato M, Collins JE, Humphray S, McLaren K, Matthews L, McLaren S, Sealy I, Caccamo M, Churcher C, Scott C, Barrett JC, Koch R, Rauch GJ, White S, Chow W, Kilian B, Quintais LT, Guerra-Assuncao JA, Zhou Y, Gu Y, Yen J, Vogel JH, Eyre T, Redmond S, Banerjee R, Chi J, Fu B, Langley E, Maguire SF, Laird GK, Lloyd D, Kenyon E, Donaldson S, Sehra H, Almeida-King J, Loveland J, Trevanion S, Jones M, Quail M, Willey D, Hunt A, Burton J, Sims S, McLay K, Plumb B, Davis J, Clee C, Oliver K, Clark R, Riddle C, Elliot D, Threadgold G, Harden G, Ware D, Begum S, Mortimore B, Kerry G, Heath P, Phillimore B, Tracey A, Corby N, Dunn M, Johnson C, Wood J, Clark S, Pelan S, Griffiths G, Smith M, Glithero R, Howden P, Barker N, Lloyd C, Stevens C, Harley J, Holt K, Panagiotidis G, Lovell J, Beasley H, Henderson C, Gordon D, Auger K, Wright D, Collins J, Raisen C, Dyer L, Leung K, Robertson L, Ambridge K, Leongamornlert D, McGuire S, Gilderthorp R, Griffiths C, Manthravadi D, Nichol S, Barker G, Whitehead S, Kay M, Brown J, Murnane C, Gray E, Humphries M, Sycamore N, Barker D, Saunders D, Wallis J, Babbage A, Hammond S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Barr L, Martin S, Wray P, Ellington A, Matthews N, Ellwood M, Woodmansey R, Clark G, Cooper J, Tromans A, Grafham D, Skuce C, Pandian R, Andrews R, Harrison E, Kimberley A, Garnett J, Fosker N, Hall R, Garner P, Kelly D, Bird C, Palmer S, Gehring I, Berger A, Dooley CM, Ersan-Urun Z, Eser C, Geiger H, Geisler M, Karotki L, Kirn A, Konantz J, Konantz M, Oberlander M, Rudolph-Geiger S, Teucke M, Lanz C, Raddatz G, Osoegawa K, Zhu B, Rapp A, Widaa S, Langford C, Yang F, Schuster SC, Carter NP, Harrow J, Ning Z, Herrero J, Searle SM, Enright A, Geisler R, Plasterk RH, Lee C, Westerfield M, de Jong PJ, Zon LI, Postlethwait JH, Nusslein-Volhard C, Hubbard TJ, Roest Crollius H, Rogers J, Stemple DL: The zebrafish reference genome sequence and its relationship to the human genome. Nature. 2013 Apr 25;496(7446):498-503. doi: 10.1038/nature12111. Epub 2013 Apr 17. [PubMed:23594743 ]
  2. Pauli A, Norris ML, Valen E, Chew GL, Gagnon JA, Zimmerman S, Mitchell A, Ma J, Dubrulle J, Reyon D, Tsai SQ, Joung JK, Saghatelian A, Schier AF: Toddler: an embryonic signal that promotes cell movement via Apelin receptors. Science. 2014 Feb 14;343(6172):1248636. doi: 10.1126/science.1248636. Epub 2014 Jan 9. [PubMed:24407481 ]
  3. Helker CS, Schuermann A, Pollmann C, Chng SC, Kiefer F, Reversade B, Herzog W: The hormonal peptide Elabela guides angioblasts to the midline during vasculogenesis. Elife. 2015 May 27;4. doi: 10.7554/eLife.06726. [PubMed:26017639 ]
  4. Zeng XX, Wilm TP, Sepich DS, Solnica-Krezel L: Apelin and its receptor control heart field formation during zebrafish gastrulation. Dev Cell. 2007 Mar;12(3):391-402. doi: 10.1016/j.devcel.2007.01.011. [PubMed:17336905 ]