| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12435 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Alpha-conotoxin ImI |
| Synonyms
|
- Alpha-CTx ImI
|
| Gene Name
| Not Available |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Alpha-conotoxins act on postsynaptic membranes, they bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and thus inhibit them. This toxin blocks neuronal alpha-3-beta-2/CHRNA3-CHRNB2 (human and rat), alpha-7/CHRNA7 (human and rat), and alpha-3-beta-4/CHRNA3-CHRNB4 (human) nAChRs (PubMed:8206995, PubMed:15609996, PubMed:19131337). Acts voltage-independently (PubMed:15609996). Competes with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to the receptor (PubMed:12384509, PubMed:15609996). Binds to a different site than alpha-conotoxin ImII (PubMed:15609996). Is highly active against the neuromuscular receptor in frog (PubMed:8206995). Also exhibits inhibition of D.melanogaster alpha-7 nAChRs (PubMed:25466886). |
| Pathways
|
Not Available
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Cellular Component |
| extracellular region |
| host cell postsynaptic membrane |
| Molecular Function |
| toxin activity |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| Not Available |
| Molecular Weight
| 1938.26 |
| Theoretical pI
| Not Available |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
Not Available |
| Signals
|
Not Available
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| P50983 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| CA1_CONIM |
| PDB IDs
|
|
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Ellison M, McIntosh JM, Olivera BM: Alpha-conotoxins ImI and ImII. Similar alpha 7 nicotinic receptor antagonists act at different sites. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jan 10;278(2):757-64. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M204565200. Epub 2002 Oct 15. [PubMed:12384509 ]
- Ellison M, Gao F, Wang HL, Sine SM, McIntosh JM, Olivera BM: Alpha-conotoxins ImI and ImII target distinct regions of the human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and distinguish human nicotinic receptor subtypes. Biochemistry. 2004 Dec 28;43(51):16019-26. doi: 10.1021/bi048918g. [PubMed:15609996 ]
- McIntosh JM, Yoshikami D, Mahe E, Nielsen DB, Rivier JE, Gray WR, Olivera BM: A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ligand of unique specificity, alpha-conotoxin ImI. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 17;269(24):16733-9. [PubMed:8206995 ]
- Johnson DS, Martinez J, Elgoyhen AB, Heinemann SF, McIntosh JM: alpha-Conotoxin ImI exhibits subtype-specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor blockade: preferential inhibition of homomeric alpha 7 and alpha 9 receptors. Mol Pharmacol. 1995 Aug;48(2):194-9. [PubMed:7651351 ]
- Lopez-Vera E, Walewska A, Skalicky JJ, Olivera BM, Bulaj G: Role of hydroxyprolines in the in vitro oxidative folding and biological activity of conotoxins. Biochemistry. 2008 Feb 12;47(6):1741-51. doi: 10.1021/bi701934m. Epub 2008 Jan 12. [PubMed:18189422 ]
- Armishaw C, Jensen AA, Balle T, Clark RJ, Harpsoe K, Skonberg C, Liljefors T, Stromgaard K: Rational design of alpha-conotoxin analogues targeting alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: improved antagonistic activity by incorporation of proline derivatives. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 3;284(14):9498-512. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M806136200. Epub 2009 Jan 8. [PubMed:19131337 ]
- Safavi-Hemami H, Gorasia DG, Steiner AM, Williamson NA, Karas JA, Gajewiak J, Olivera BM, Bulaj G, Purcell AW: Modulation of conotoxin structure and function is achieved through a multienzyme complex in the venom glands of cone snails. J Biol Chem. 2012 Oct 5;287(41):34288-303. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.366781. Epub 2012 Aug 13. [PubMed:22891240 ]
- Heghinian MD, Mejia M, Adams DJ, Godenschwege TA, Mari F: Inhibition of cholinergic pathways in Drosophila melanogaster by alpha-conotoxins. FASEB J. 2015 Mar;29(3):1011-8. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-262733. Epub 2014 Dec 2. [PubMed:25466886 ]
- Gouda H, Hirono S: Solution structure of alpha-conotoxin ImI determined by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 May 18;1431(2):384-94. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4838(99)00065-5. [PubMed:10350614 ]
- Maslennikov IV, Shenkarev ZO, Zhmak MN, Ivanov VT, Methfessel C, Tsetlin VI, Arseniev AS: NMR spatial structure of alpha-conotoxin ImI reveals a common scaffold in snail and snake toxins recognizing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. FEBS Lett. 1999 Feb 12;444(2-3):275-80. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00069-1. [PubMed:10050774 ]
- Lamthanh H, Jegou-Matheron C, Servent D, Menez A, Lancelin JM: Minimal conformation of the alpha-conotoxin ImI for the alpha7 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor recognition: correlated CD, NMR and binding studies. FEBS Lett. 1999 Jul 9;454(3):293-8. doi: 10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00831-5. [PubMed:10431825 ]
- Gehrmann J, Daly NL, Alewood PF, Craik DJ: Solution structure of alpha-conotoxin ImI by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. J Med Chem. 1999 Jul 1;42(13):2364-72. doi: 10.1021/jm990114p. [PubMed:10395477 ]
- Rogers JP, Luginbuhl P, Pemberton K, Harty P, Wemmer DE, Stevens RC: Structure-activity relationships in a peptidic alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist. J Mol Biol. 2000 Dec 15;304(5):911-26. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.2000.4247. [PubMed:11124036 ]
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