| Identification |
|---|
| HMDB Protein ID
| HMDBP12433 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers
| None |
| Name
| Cytotoxin 1 |
| Synonyms
|
- CTX1
- CX1
- Cardiotoxin F8
- Cardiotoxin-I
- Toxin CM-6
- CTX-I
|
| Gene Name
| Not Available |
| Protein Type
| Unknown |
| Biological Properties |
|---|
| General Function
| Not Available |
| Specific Function
| Monomer: shows cytolytic activity (apoptosis is induced in C2C12 cells, but no cytotoxicity is observed on INS-1E) (PubMed:18381281, PubMed:22807058). In addition, this toxin shows insulinotropic activity that may be mediated by the modulation of potassium channels (Kv) (PubMed:22807058). It induces the increase of intracellular calcium release (PubMed:24552570). It induces insulin secretion from rat INS-1E cells in absence and in presence of glucose, without affecting cell viability and integrity (PubMed:22807058). In presence of glucose, the insulinotropic activity is increased, suggesting a possible synergistic effect with glucose (PubMed:22807058). Its insulinotropic activity does not involve GLP-1R signaling (PubMed:22807058, PubMed:24552570).Heterodimer: has no cytolytic activity, but retains most of the alpha-cobratoxin capacity to compete with alpha-bungarotoxin for binding to Torpedo and alpha-7/CHRNA7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) as well as to Lymnea stagnalis acetylcholine-binding protein. |
| Pathways
|
Not Available
|
| Reactions
| Not Available |
| GO Classification
|
| Biological Process |
| pathogenesis |
| cytolysis |
| Cellular Component |
| membrane |
| extracellular region |
| other organism cell membrane |
| Molecular Function |
| toxin activity |
|
| Cellular Location
|
Not Available
|
| Gene Properties |
|---|
| Chromosome Location
| Not Available |
| Locus
| Not Available |
| SNPs
| Not Available |
| Gene Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Properties |
|---|
| Number of Residues
| Not Available |
| Molecular Weight
| 6701.105 |
| Theoretical pI
| Not Available |
| Pfam Domain Function
|
Not Available |
| Signals
|
Not Available
|
|
Transmembrane Regions
|
Not Available
|
| Protein Sequence
|
Not Available
|
| External Links |
|---|
| GenBank ID Protein
| Not Available |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID
| P60305 |
| UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name
| 3SA8_NAJKA |
| PDB IDs
|
Not Available |
| GenBank Gene ID
| Not Available |
| GeneCard ID
| Not Available |
| GenAtlas ID
| Not Available |
| HGNC ID
| Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| General References
| - Fryklund L, Eaker D: The complete amino acid sequence of a cardiotoxin from the venom of Naja naja (Cambodian Cobra). Biochemistry. 1975 Jul;14(13):2860-5. doi: 10.1021/bi00684a011. [PubMed:1148180 ]
- Joubert FJ, Taljaard N: The complete primary structures of three cytotoxins (CM-6, CM-7 and CM-7A) from Naja naja kaouthia (Siamese cobra) snake venom. Toxicon. 1980;18(4):455-67. doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(80)90053-7. [PubMed:7210030 ]
- Ohkura K, Inoue S, Ikeda K, Hayashi K: Amino-acid sequences of four cytotoxins (cytotoxins I, II, III and IV) purified from the venom of the Thailand cobra, Naja naja siamensis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1988 May 18;954(2):148-53. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(88)90065-9. [PubMed:3365434 ]
- Osipov AV, Kasheverov IE, Makarova YV, Starkov VG, Vorontsova OV, Ziganshin RKh, Andreeva TV, Serebryakova MV, Benoit A, Hogg RC, Bertrand D, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN: Naturally occurring disulfide-bound dimers of three-fingered toxins: a paradigm for biological activity diversification. J Biol Chem. 2008 May 23;283(21):14571-80. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M802085200. Epub 2008 Apr 1. [PubMed:18381281 ]
- Nguyen TT, Folch B, Letourneau M, Vaudry D, Truong NH, Doucet N, Chatenet D, Fournier A: Cardiotoxin-I: an unexpectedly potent insulinotropic agent. Chembiochem. 2012 Aug 13;13(12):1805-12. doi: 10.1002/cbic.201200081. Epub 2012 Jul 16. [PubMed:22807058 ]
|
