| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:40:43 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:52:48 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0031057 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0062548
- HMDB31057
- HMDB62548
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid |
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| Description | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (CAS: 764-67-0), also known as 2-hydroxypalmitic acid, is a member of the class of compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. Long-chain fatty acids are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. The chain of 2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid bears a hydroxyl group. 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid is practically insoluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid occurs in wool fat, which is used as a chewing gum softener. |
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| Structure | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O)C(O)=O InChI=1S/C16H32O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15(17)16(18)19/h15,17H,2-14H2,1H3,(H,18,19)/t15-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (S)-2-Hydroxypalmitic acid | ChEBI | | (S)-2oh PA | ChEBI | | 2S-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | ChEBI | | 2S-Hydroxypalmitic acid | ChEBI | | (S)-2-Hydroxypalmitate | Generator | | 2S-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | Generator | | 2S-Hydroxypalmitate | Generator | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | Generator | | (2S)-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | (S)-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | (S)-alpha-Hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | (S)-alpha-Hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | (S)-Α-hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | (S)-Α-hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | (±)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | (±)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | (±)-alpha-hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | (±)-alpha-hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | (±)-α-hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | (±)-α-hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | DL-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | DL-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | DL-2-Hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | DL-2-Hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | FA(16:0(2-OH)) | HMDB | | FA(16:0(2S-OH)) | HMDB | | L-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | L-2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | L-2-Hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | L-2-Hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | alpha-Hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | Α-hydroxyhexadecanoate | HMDB | | Α-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB | | Α-hydroxypalmitate | HMDB | | Α-hydroxypalmitic acid | HMDB | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C16H32O3 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 272.429 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 272.23514489 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (2S)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 16452-52-1 |
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| SMILES | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C16H32O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15(17)16(18)19/h15,17H,2-14H2,1H3,(H,18,19)/t15-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | JGHSBPIZNUXPLA-HNNXBMFYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Long-chain fatty acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Long-chain fatty acid
- Hydroxy fatty acid
- Alpha-hydroxy acid
- Hydroxy acid
- Monosaccharide
- Secondary alcohol
- Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Alcohol
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 93.3 - 93.6 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | Not Available | Not Available | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 9.99 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 20.2491 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 1.47 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 37.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2857.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 528.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 216.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 268.2 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 517.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 875.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 840.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 107.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1865.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 570.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1755.9 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 677.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 464.8 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 624.4 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 477.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 11.8 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2203.0 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2127.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 2231.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 2446.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2384.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 2702.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-1920000000-b6822f7cbd56cfd6a839 | 2019-10-23 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0090000000-942530f4c3e31e371cc8 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-1090000000-4b971eab6fa9eb539e67 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-cc07b849735dd9fcd602 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-2190000000-c3b81f8fb3d98ce78a8c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-9320000000-9ce4aead56bd570dfc9e | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 2-Hydroxyhexadecanoic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4l-9000000000-6f8369be55fb2dcccc6d | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00052641 |
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| Chemspider ID | Not Available |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 12575964 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 75977 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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| General References | - Jones JM, Morrell JC, Gould SJ: Identification and characterization of HAOX1, HAOX2, and HAOX3, three human peroxisomal 2-hydroxy acid oxidases. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 28;275(17):12590-7. [PubMed:10777549 ]
- Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
- Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
- Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
- Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
- Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
- Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.
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