| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:51:52 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0015097 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Zaleplon |
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| Description | Zaleplon, also known as sonata or dea no. 2781, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrimidines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrimidine ring through a CC or CN bond. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. Zaleplon is a drug which is used for the treatment of short-term treatment of insomnia in adults. Zaleplon is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Zaleplon is a potentially toxic compound. A pyrazolopyrimidine having a nitrile group at position 3 and a 3-(N-ethylacetamido)phenyl substituent at the 7-position. |
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| Structure | CCN(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C1=CC=NC2=C(C=NN12)C#N InChI=1S/C17H15N5O/c1-3-21(12(2)23)15-6-4-5-13(9-15)16-7-8-19-17-14(10-18)11-20-22(16)17/h4-9,11H,3H2,1-2H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 3'-(3-Cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)-N-ethylacetanilide | ChEBI | | Sonata | Kegg | | DEA no. 2781 | HMDB | | N-(3-(3-Cyanopyrazolo(1,5-a)pyrimidin-7-yl)phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide | HMDB | | Zelepion | HMDB | | Starnoc | HMDB | | 3'-(3-Cyanopyrazolo(1,5-alpha)pyrimidin-7-yl)-N-ethylacetanilide | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C17H15N5O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 305.3339 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 305.127660127 |
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| IUPAC Name | N-(3-{3-cyanopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-yl}phenyl)-N-ethylacetamide |
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| Traditional Name | zaleplon |
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| CAS Registry Number | 151319-34-5 |
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| SMILES | CCN(C(C)=O)C1=CC=CC(=C1)C1=CC=NC2=C(C=NN12)C#N |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C17H15N5O/c1-3-21(12(2)23)15-6-4-5-13(9-15)16-7-8-19-17-14(10-18)11-20-22(16)17/h4-9,11H,3H2,1-2H3 |
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| InChI Key | HUNXMJYCHXQEGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylpyrimidines. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring linked to a pyrimidine ring through a CC or CN bond. Pyrimidine is a 6-membered ring consisting of four carbon atoms and two nitrogen centers at the 1- and 3- ring positions. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Organoheterocyclic compounds |
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| Class | Diazines |
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| Sub Class | Pyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives |
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| Direct Parent | Phenylpyrimidines |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - 4-phenylpyrimidine
- 5-phenylpyrimidine
- Acetanilide
- Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine
- Anilide
- Pyrazolopyrimidine
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Benzenoid
- Azole
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Acetamide
- Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
- Pyrazole
- Carboxamide group
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Carbonitrile
- Nitrile
- Azacycle
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxide
- Carbonyl group
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organopnictogen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 157 - 159 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 0.04 g/L | Not Available | | LogP | 0.9 | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections| Adduct Type | Data Source | CCS Value (Å2) | Reference |
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| [M+H]+ | CBM | 173.5 | 30932474 |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 3.96 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.9597 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 1.65 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 23.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1808.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 259.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 146.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 166.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 96.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 426.5 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 580.3 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 72.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 988.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 344.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1221.5 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 300.7 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 331.7 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 338.9 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 203.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 34.6 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Zaleplon GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-002o-3190000000-e824b41dc4a274647c52 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Zaleplon GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Zaleplon GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-01ot-3391000000-78a75199aa0ab8c426be | 2014-09-20 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon , positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0179000000-1ba269c717f4cb21ab11 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 35V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0bti-0093000000-4fa0fb440741a86e6ec0 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0049000000-5aaa826ffa805612f3d8 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0bvr-0093000000-ee7356e7d1d88937a5a1 | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0uy3-9070000000-ba55a55873577a61559b | 2016-06-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0039000000-f5fc7839e64ab7770cbd | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0imi-1192000000-a401fb58f718b462f3e8 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-01qc-2090000000-3a6f247edccc09a27d47 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0019000000-3c4d873dc10d23983dbb | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0096000000-14f38245f06af2128bbb | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-01pa-0090000000-87387933dc3858c721b3 | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0009000000-da3cbd45a045c0d9febd | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004i-0092000000-215903c9317ecf06ce4e | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Zaleplon 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0j5l-0191000000-41735f022846556481db | 2021-10-11 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | |
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00962 | | details | | Urine | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Taking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00962 | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Not Available |
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| Predicted Concentrations |
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| Blood | 0.000 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities | | Blood | 0.000 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | Predicted based on drug qualities |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | None |
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| Associated OMIM IDs | None |
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | DB00962 |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | Not Available |
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| KNApSAcK ID | Not Available |
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| Chemspider ID | 5517 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | C07484 |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Zaleplon |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 5719 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 10102 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | Not Available |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Not Available |
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| General References | - Patat A, Paty I, Hindmarch I: Pharmacodynamic profile of Zaleplon, a new non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jul;16(5):369-392. [PubMed:12404558 ]
- Barbera J, Shapiro C: Benefit-risk assessment of zaleplon in the treatment of insomnia. Drug Saf. 2005;28(4):301-18. [PubMed:15783240 ]
- Noguchi H, Kitazumi K, Mori M, Shiba T: Electroencephalographic properties of zaleplon, a non-benzodiazepine sedative/hypnotic, in rats. J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 Mar;94(3):246-51. [PubMed:15037809 ]
- Holm KJ, Goa KL: Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Apr;59(4):865-89. [PubMed:10804040 ]
- Dooley M, Plosker GL: Zaleplon: a review of its use in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs. 2000 Aug;60(2):413-45. [PubMed:10983740 ]
- Dundar Y, Dodd S, Strobl J, Boland A, Dickson R, Walley T: Comparative efficacy of newer hypnotic drugs for the short-term management of insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Jul;19(5):305-22. [PubMed:15252823 ]
- Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC: Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007 Aug 15;76(4):517-26. [PubMed:17853625 ]
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