Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:50 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:48 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014975
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14975
Metabolite Identification
Common NameProgabide
DescriptionProgabide, also known as halogabide or gabrene, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-quinomethanes. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring conjugated to a methylidene group and a ketone at carbon atoms 1 and 2, respectively. Binding to GABAA results in an increased affinity of the GABA receptor for the amino acid, an augmented flux of chloride ions across the terminal membrane, and an increase in the amount of presynaptic inhibition. Progabide is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). Progabide is an analog and prodrug of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Progabide is a potentially toxic compound. May cause a potentially dangerous rash that may develop into Stevens Johnson syndrome, an extremely rare but potentially fatal skin disease. It has agonistic activity for both the GABAA and GABAB receptors. Activation of the GABAB receptors retards the influx of calcium ions into the terminals, thereby reducing the evoked release of excitatory amino acids and possibly other transmitters.
Structure
Data?1582753243
Synonyms
ValueSource
HalogabideHMDB
GabreneHMDB
4-{[(4-chlorophenyl)[(1E)-3-fluoro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]amino}butanimidateGenerator
ProgabideMeSH
Chemical FormulaC17H16ClFN2O2
Average Molecular Weight334.773
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight334.088433678
IUPAC Name4-{[(4-chlorophenyl)[(1E)-3-fluoro-6-oxocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ylidene]methyl]amino}butanamide
Traditional Nameprogabide
CAS Registry Number62666-20-0
SMILES
NC(=O)CCCN\C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=C1/C=C(F)C=CC1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H16ClFN2O2/c18-12-5-3-11(4-6-12)17(21-9-1-2-16(20)23)14-10-13(19)7-8-15(14)22/h3-8,10,21H,1-2,9H2,(H2,20,23)/b17-14+
InChI KeyDWEQWXSKOHHBNT-SAPNQHFASA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as o-quinomethanes. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring conjugated to a methylidene group and a ketone at carbon atoms 1 and 2, respectively.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbonyl compounds
Direct ParentO-quinomethanes
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • O-quinomethane
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Enamine
  • Fluoroalkene
  • Haloalkene
  • Secondary amine
  • Vinyl fluoride
  • Vinyl halide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Amine
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organofluoride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point133 - 135 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0044 g/LNot Available
LogP2.6Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0044 g/LALOGPS
logP2.68ALOGPS
logP1.8ChemAxon
logS-4.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.32ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)4.01ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area72.19 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity91.22 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability33.21 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+175.21830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-172.8630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-205.74630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+181.31130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+175.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+172.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+178.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+179.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-176.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-176.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-176.532859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.6.22 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202211.8196 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20221.33 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid66.6 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1707.5 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid269.8 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid151.8 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid189.2 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid119.1 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid377.6 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid385.8 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)356.1 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid1016.9 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid412.9 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1088.0 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid301.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid316.3 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate350.2 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA230.7 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water7.7 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ProgabideNC(=O)CCCN\C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=C1/C=C(F)C=CC1=O4403.8Standard polar33892256
ProgabideNC(=O)CCCN\C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=C1/C=C(F)C=CC1=O2761.2Standard non polar33892256
ProgabideNC(=O)CCCN\C(C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)=C1/C=C(F)C=CC1=O3234.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13054.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C12901.7Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C14107.1Standard polar33892256
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13127.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C12687.5Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C14171.0Standard polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C3137.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C2929.5Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C3995.7Standard polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C3118.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C2895.1Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C3803.0Standard polar33892256
Progabide,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13161.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C12959.8Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13654.5Standard polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13259.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13106.0Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C14118.6Standard polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13368.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C12890.9Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(N)=O)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C14209.6Standard polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3591.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3317.7Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(C(=O)CCCN/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3987.7Standard polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3593.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3273.2Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)NC(=O)CCCN(/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3850.8Standard polar33892256
Progabide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13843.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Progabide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13514.5Standard non polar33892256
Progabide,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N(CCCC(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)/C(=C1\C=C(F)C=CC1=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C13749.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Progabide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000x-5091000000-45493775f8e316fed3452017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Progabide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00kr-1029000000-fc0da8ed87727a709a1f2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-5059000000-63dcad42741a847ae8ff2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000f-9520000000-da113f6ba6c4a6d23a822016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0129000000-3de1ea119383317ba3552016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000y-6289000000-b086ccb10b99604720a82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9330000000-2be76f698dbbc120b6b12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0009000000-513fcdf8c10f3b29cd132021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f80-0094000000-8c5c8a6b47f57d482e912021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01q9-0090000000-990d46a622dd2ff2264d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0029000000-8d3aa9ae2fda5750dbf22021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000t-2196000000-d2a509d2c58ae1850d292021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Progabide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01qj-3490000000-5a245325ccd99decd7c92021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00837 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00837 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4514729
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkProgabide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5361323
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Bartholini G, Scatton B, Zivkovic B, Lloyd KG: GABA receptor agonists and extrapyramidal motor function: therapeutic implications for Parkinson's disease. Adv Neurol. 1987;45:79-83. [PubMed:3030072 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor activity
Specific function:
Isoform 1E function may be to regulate the availability of functional GABA-B-R1A/GABA-B-R2 heterodimers by competing for GABA-B-R2 dimerization. This could explain the observation that certain small molecule ligands exhibit differential affinity for central versus peripheral sites
Gene Name:
GABBR1
Uniprot ID:
Q9UBS5
Molecular weight:
108319.4
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Agmo A, Belzung C: Interactions between dopamine and GABA in the control of ambulatory activity and neophobia in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Jan;59(1):239-47. [PubMed:9443561 ]
  3. Fadda F, Mosca E, Meloni R, Gessa GL: Suppression by progabide of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Mar 12;109(3):321-5. [PubMed:2985405 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA1
Uniprot ID:
P14867
Molecular weight:
51801.4
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Agmo A, Belzung C: Interactions between dopamine and GABA in the control of ambulatory activity and neophobia in the mouse. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1998 Jan;59(1):239-47. [PubMed:9443561 ]
  4. Grech DM, Balster RL: Pentobarbital-like discriminative stimulus effects of direct GABA agonists in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;110(3):295-301. [PubMed:7831422 ]
  5. Fadda F, Mosca E, Meloni R, Gessa GL: Suppression by progabide of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 1985 Mar 12;109(3):321-5. [PubMed:2985405 ]