| HMDBP01018 | Cytochrome P450 3A4 | P08684 | CYP3A4 | 7q21.1 | Unknown | - Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
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| HMDBP01548 | Cytochrome P450 2D6 | P10635 | CYP2D6 | 22q13.1 | Unknown | - Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
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| HMDBP01553 | Cytochrome P450 2B6 | P20813 | CYP2B6 | 19q13.2 | Unknown | - Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
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| HMDBP02154 | Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter | P23975 | SLC6A2 | 16q12.2 | Transporter | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Sagata K, Minami K, Yanagihara N, Shiraishi M, Toyohira Y, Ueno S, Shigematsu A: Tramadol inhibits norepinephrine transporter function at desipramine-binding sites in cultured bovine adrenal medullary cells. Anesth Analg. 2002 Apr;94(4):901-6, table of contents. [PubMed:11916794 ]
- Berrocoso E, Mico JA: Cooperative opioid and serotonergic mechanisms generate superior antidepressant-like effects in a mice model of depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009 Sep;12(8):1033-44. doi: 10.1017/S1461145709000236. Epub 2009 Apr 3. [PubMed:19341511 ]
- Frink MC, Hennies HH, Englberger W, Haurand M, Wilffert B: Influence of tramadol on neurotransmitter systems of the rat brain. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 Nov;46(11):1029-36. [PubMed:8955860 ]
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| HMDBP02165 | Sodium-dependent serotonin transporter | P31645 | SLC6A4 | 17q11.2 | Transporter | - Frink MC, Hennies HH, Englberger W, Haurand M, Wilffert B: Influence of tramadol on neurotransmitter systems of the rat brain. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 Nov;46(11):1029-36. [PubMed:8955860 ]
- Barann M, Urban B, Stamer U, Dorner Z, Bonisch H, Bruss M: Effects of tramadol and O-demethyl-tramadol on human 5-HT reuptake carriers and human 5-HT3A receptors: a possible mechanism for tramadol-induced early emesis. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Feb 15;531(1-3):54-8. Epub 2006 Jan 19. [PubMed:16427041 ]
- Driessen B, Reimann W: Interaction of the central analgesic, tramadol, with the uptake and release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the rat brain in vitro. Br J Pharmacol. 1992 Jan;105(1):147-51. [PubMed:1596676 ]
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| HMDBP02444 | Delta-type opioid receptor | P41143 | OPRD1 | 1p36.1-p34.3 | Unknown | - Wentland MP, Lou R, Lu Q, Bu Y, VanAlstine MA, Cohen DJ, Bidlack JM: Syntheses and opioid receptor binding properties of carboxamido-substituted opioids. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Jan 1;19(1):203-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.134. Epub 2008 Nov 7. [PubMed:19027293 ]
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| HMDBP02643 | Mu-type opioid receptor | P35372 | OPRM1 | 6q24-q25 | Unknown | - Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
- Frink MC, Hennies HH, Englberger W, Haurand M, Wilffert B: Influence of tramadol on neurotransmitter systems of the rat brain. Arzneimittelforschung. 1996 Nov;46(11):1029-36. [PubMed:8955860 ]
- Gillen C, Haurand M, Kobelt DJ, Wnendt S: Affinity, potency and efficacy of tramadol and its metabolites at the cloned human mu-opioid receptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2000 Aug;362(2):116-21. [PubMed:10961373 ]
- Potschka H, Friderichs E, Loscher W: Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant effects of tramadol, its enantiomers and its M1 metabolite in the rat kindling model of epilepsy. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Sep;131(2):203-12. [PubMed:10991912 ]
- Raffa RB, Friderichs E, Reimann W, Shank RP, Codd EE, Vaught JL: Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of tramadol, an 'atypical' opioid analgesic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1992 Jan;260(1):275-85. [PubMed:1309873 ]
- Grond S, Sablotzki A: Clinical pharmacology of tramadol. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(13):879-923. [PubMed:15509185 ]
- Ide S, Minami M, Ishihara K, Uhl GR, Sora I, Ikeda K: Mu opioid receptor-dependent and independent components in effects of tramadol. Neuropharmacology. 2006 Sep;51(3):651-8. Epub 2006 Jun 21. [PubMed:16793069 ]
- Minami K, Uezono Y, Ueta Y: Pharmacological aspects of the effects of tramadol on G-protein coupled receptors. J Pharmacol Sci. 2007 Mar;103(3):253-60. [PubMed:17380034 ]
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| HMDBP02700 | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2C | P28335 | HTR2C | | Unknown | - Ogata J, Minami K, Uezono Y, Okamoto T, Shiraishi M, Shigematsu A, Ueta Y: The inhibitory effects of tramadol on 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Anesth Analg. 2004 May;98(5):1401-6, table of contents. [PubMed:15105221 ]
- Horishita T, Minami K, Uezono Y, Shiraishi M, Ogata J, Okamoto T, Shigematsu A: The tramadol metabolite, O-desmethyl tramadol, inhibits 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2C receptors expressed in Xenopus Oocytes. Pharmacology. 2006;77(2):93-9. Epub 2006 May 5. [PubMed:16679816 ]
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| HMDBP07845 | Glutamate [NMDA] receptor subunit 3A | Q8TCU5 | GRIN3A | 9q31.1 | Unknown | - Hara K, Minami K, Sata T: The effects of tramadol and its metabolite on glycine, gamma-aminobutyric acidA, and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Anesth Analg. 2005 May;100(5):1400-5, table of contents. [PubMed:15845694 ]
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| HMDBP07856 | Kappa-type opioid receptor | P41145 | OPRK1 | 8q11.2 | Unknown | - Sun HL, Zheng JW, Wang K, Liu RK, Liang JH: Tramadol reduces the 5-HTP-induced head-twitch response in mice via the activation of mu and kappa opioid receptors. Life Sci. 2003 Jan 31;72(11):1221-30. [PubMed:12570923 ]
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| HMDBP10807 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 | P20309 | CHRM3 | 1q43 | Unknown | - Shiraishi M, Minami K, Uezono Y, Yanagihara N, Shigematsu A: Inhibition by tramadol of muscarinic receptor-induced responses in cultured adrenal medullary cells and in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing cloned M1 receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Oct;299(1):255-60. [PubMed:11561087 ]
- Shiga Y, Minami K, Shiraishi M, Uezono Y, Murasaki O, Kaibara M, Shigematsu A: The inhibitory effects of tramadol on muscarinic receptor-induced responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing cloned M(3) receptors. Anesth Analg. 2002 Nov;95(5):1269-73, table of contents. [PubMed:12401609 ]
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