| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2007-01-22 23:21:34 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:17:08 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0005812 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | - HMDB0005804
- HMDB05804
- HMDB05812
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Geraniol |
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| Description | Geraniol, also known as beta-Geraniol, (E)-nerol (the isomer of nerol) or geranyl alcohol, is a monoterpenoid alcohol. It belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. Monoterpenoids are terpenes that contain 10 carbon atoms and are comprised of two isoprene units. In plants, the biosynthesis of monoterpenes is known to occur mainly through the methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway in the plastids (PMID:7640522 ). Geranyl diphosphate (GPP) is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes. GPP undergoes several cyclization reactions to yield a diverse number of cyclic arrangements. beta-Geraniol is an isoprenoid lipid molecule that is very hydrophobic, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. beta-Geraniol has a sweet, citrus, and floral taste. beta-Geraniol is found in highest concentrations in common grapes, black walnuts, and common thymes and in lower concentrations in cardamoms, common oregano, and gingers. beta-Geraniol has also been detected in lemon verbena, oval-leaf huckleberries, common pea, sweet cherries, and nopals. It is found as an alcohol and as its ester in many essential oils including geranium oil. It is the primary part of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil (Java type) and occurs in small quantities in geranium, lemon, and many other essential oils. Because it has a rose-like odor, it is commonly used in perfumes. It is used to create flavors such as peach, raspberry, grapefruit, red apple, plum, lime, orange, lemon, watermelon, pineapple, and blueberry. An alternate application has been found in the use of insect repellents or deterrants. Though it may repel mosquitoes, flies, lice, cockroaches, ants, and ticks, it is also produced by the scent glands of honey bees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives (http//doi:10.1051/apido:19900403). Extensive testing by Dr. Jerry Butler at the University of Florida has shown geraniol to be one of nature's most effective insect repellents (PMID:20836800 ). |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7- |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (2Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | | (Z)-3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol | ChEBI | | (Z)-Geraniol | ChEBI | | 2-cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | | cis-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | ChEBI | | cis-Geraniol | ChEBI | | Neryl alcohol | ChEBI | | Geraniol, (e)-isomer | MeSH | | Geraniol, (Z)-isomer | MeSH | | Geraniol, 1-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomer | MeSH | | Geraniol, 2-(14)C-labeled, (e)-isomer | MeSH | | Geraniol, titanium (4+) salt | MeSH | | (2E)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | (2Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | (cis)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | (e)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | (e)3,7-Dimethyl-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | (Z)3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | 2,6-Dimethyl-trans-2,6-octadien-8-ol | HMDB | | 2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | 2-trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadiene-1-ol | HMDB | | 2E-Geraniol | HMDB | | 3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | 3,7-Dimethyl-octane-1-ol tetrahydro derivative | HMDB | | 3,7-Dimethyl-trans-2, 6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol | HMDB | | beta-Geraniol | HMDB | | Geraniol (natural) | HMDB | | Geraniol alcohol | HMDB | | Geranyl alcohol | HMDB | | Guaniol | HMDB | | Lemonol | HMDB | | Nerol | HMDB | | Nerol (natural) | HMDB | | Nerolidyl diphosphate | HMDB | | trans-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol | HMDB | | trans-Geraniol | HMDB | | Vernol | HMDB | | Geraniol | MeSH | | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadienol | PhytoBank | | (Z)-3,7-Dimethyloct-2,6-diene-1-ol | PhytoBank | | (Z)-Nerol | PhytoBank | | 3,7-Dimethyl-cis-2,6-octadien-1-ol | PhytoBank | | cis-1-Hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene | PhytoBank | | beta-Nerol | PhytoBank | | β-Nerol | PhytoBank |
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| Chemical Formula | C10H18O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 154.253 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 154.1357652 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2Z)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol |
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| Traditional Name | nerol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 106-25-2 |
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| SMILES | CC(C)=CCC\C(C)=C/CO |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C10H18O/c1-9(2)5-4-6-10(3)7-8-11/h5,7,11H,4,6,8H2,1-3H3/b10-7- |
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| InChI Key | GLZPCOQZEFWAFX-YFHOEESVSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acyclic monoterpenoids. These are monoterpenes that do not contain a cycle. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Prenol lipids |
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| Sub Class | Monoterpenoids |
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| Direct Parent | Acyclic monoterpenoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Acyclic monoterpenoid
- Fatty alcohol
- Fatty acyl
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Primary alcohol
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Liquid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | < -15 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | 103.00 to 105.00 °C. @ 9.00 mm Hg | The Good Scents Company Information System | | Water Solubility | 0.53 mg/mL at 25 °C | Not Available | | LogP | 3.47 | GRIFFIN,S ET AL. (1999) |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 5.97 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 12.6157 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 3.37 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 25.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2132.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 343.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 147.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 197.6 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 78.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 414.8 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 488.6 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 64.9 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1060.6 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 424.3 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 919.9 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 350.5 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 328.1 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 310.8 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 376.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 10.3 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c80 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf629 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a38 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a6 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9000000000-41e0055b618413366b81 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c80 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf629 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a38 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a6 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9000000000-41e0055b618413366b81 | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-EI-Q (Non-derivatized) | splash10-014l-9000000000-2ab93357dd27a7c07eb7 | 2020-07-08 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-014u-9300000000-c85bc4c928fbf7d824e8 | 2016-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-030c-9520000000-69b7fbbb25764f7b612e | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Geraniol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-001r-9600000000-69c0de28e07b8b530c9a | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-001i-9100000000-0ee3622152359826448f | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-003r-9000000000-d5bb693fadd752735f31 | 2012-07-25 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-8132ea67e057a3dd9c80 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-9100000000-a5bdece739d0cb5bf629 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI RMU-6M) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-015c-9200000000-eea073073c86ea4d9a38 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (SHIMADZU QP-1000) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-0625da1bcd5a7d1938a6 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol EI-B (HITACHI M-80B) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-014l-9000000000-7b5a5cfbbe0b42fdd23e | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol n/a 10V, negative-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-0900000000-73a127efb4137eb42580 | 2020-07-21 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4r-1900000000-3d437630e5bec67a7e07 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-052r-8900000000-0e505c85cec6344cab5c | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0gb9-9100000000-c7400df359a9559bd594 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-113756054eed13d33ee4 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0fk9-0900000000-dea43b41c5b791cef9d2 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0aou-9800000000-c028a2bd655026094251 | 2016-09-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00lr-9100000000-6e205fbbb6213cf2eb8c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-001i-9000000000-a55b9b951ba285782da9 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9000000000-29f4b3188008e31f7b9f | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0udi-0900000000-d3a143bdeacdf3ef0e94 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0900000000-f29389e574ed8f84a683 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Geraniol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-9100000000-1a426588f258e723527c | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2021-10-10 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2021-10-10 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2021-10-10 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Disease References | | Autism |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
| | Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified |
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- De Angelis M, Piccolo M, Vannini L, Siragusa S, De Giacomo A, Serrazzanetti DI, Cristofori F, Guerzoni ME, Gobbetti M, Francavilla R: Fecal microbiota and metabolome of children with autism and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified. PLoS One. 2013 Oct 9;8(10):e76993. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076993. eCollection 2013. [PubMed:24130822 ]
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