| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-05-22 14:17:45 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:14 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0002269 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Curcumin |
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| Description | Curcumin is a natural component of the rhizome of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and one of the most powerful chemopreventive and anticancer agents. Its biological effects range from antioxidant, anti-inflammatory to inhibition of angiogenesis and is also shown to possess specific antitumoral activity. The molecular mechanism of its varied cellular effects has been studied in some details and it has been shown to have multiple targets and interacting macromolecules within the cell. Curcumin has been shown to possess anti-angiogenic properties and the angioinhibitory effects of curcumin manifest due to down regulation of proangiogenic genes such as VEGF and angiopoitin and a decrease in migration and invasion of endothelial cells. One of the important factors implicated in chemoresistance and induced chemosensitivity is NFkB and curcumin has been shown to down regulate NFkB and inhibit IKB kinase thereby suppressing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Cell lines that are resistant to certain apoptotic inducers and radiation become susceptible to apoptosis when treated in conjunction with curcumin. Besides this it can also act as a chemopreventive agent in cancers of colon, stomach and skin by suppressing colonic aberrant crypt foci formation and DNA adduct formation. This review focuses on the various aspects of curcumin as a potential drug for cancer treatment and its implications in a variety of biological and cellular processes vis-à-vis its mechanism of action (PMID: 16712454 ). Turmeric (Zingiberaceae family) rhizomes, has been widely used for centuries in indigenous medicine for the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions and other diseases. Its medicinal properties have been attributed mainly to the curcuminoids and the main component present in the rhizome is curcumin. Curcumin has been shown to possess wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, wound healing and anti-microbial effects. Recently, curcumin treatment has been shown to correct defects associated with cystic fibrosis in homozygous DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knock out mice. In vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated curcumin's ability to inhibit carcinogenesis at three stages: tumor promotion, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Curcumin suppresses mitogen-induced proliferation of blood mononuclear cells, inhibits neutrophil activation and mixed lymphocyte reaction and also inhibits both serum-induced and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-dependent mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells. It has also been reported to be a partial inhibitor of protein kinase. The other salient feature of turmeric/curcumin is that despite being consumed daily for centuries in Asian countries, it has not been shown to cause any toxicity (PMID: 16413584 ). |
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| Structure | COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=CC=C1O InChI=1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+ |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| C.I. 75300 | ChEBI | | C.I. natural yellow 3 | ChEBI | | Diferuloylmethane | ChEBI | | e 100 | ChEBI | | Kacha haldi | ChEBI | | Natural yellow 3 | ChEBI | | Turmeric yellow | ChEBI | | Yellow, turmeric | MeSH | | 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione | HMDB | | 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione | HMDB | | 1,9-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2,7-nonadiene-4,6-dione | HMDB | | CI natural yellow 3 | HMDB | | Cucurmin | HMDB | | Curcuma | HMDB | | Curcumin I | HMDB | | Diferaloylmethane | HMDB | | Gelbwurz | HMDB | | Golden seal | HMDB | | Haidr | HMDB | | Halad | HMDB | | Haldar | HMDB | | Halud | HMDB | | Hydrastis | HMDB | | Merita earth | HMDB | | Orange root | HMDB | | Safran d'inde | HMDB | | Souchet | HMDB | | Terra merita | HMDB | | Tumeric yellow | HMDB | | Turmeric | HMDB | | Turmeric (>98% curcurmin) | HMDB | | Turmeric oleoresin (79%-85% curcumin) | HMDB | | Yellow ginger | HMDB | | Yellow puccoon | HMDB | | Yellow root | HMDB | | yo-Kin | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C21H20O6 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 368.3799 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 368.125988372 |
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| IUPAC Name | (1E,6E)-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione |
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| Traditional Name | curcumin |
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| CAS Registry Number | 458-37-7 |
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| SMILES | COC1=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C2=CC(OC)=C(O)C=C2)=CC=C1O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C21H20O6/c1-26-20-11-14(5-9-18(20)24)3-7-16(22)13-17(23)8-4-15-6-10-19(25)21(12-15)27-2/h3-12,24-25H,13H2,1-2H3/b7-3+,8-4+ |
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| InChI Key | VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as curcuminoids. These are aromatic compounds containing a curcumin moiety, which is composed of two aryl buten-2-one (feruloyl) chromophores joined by a methylene group. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Phenylpropanoids and polyketides |
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| Class | Diarylheptanoids |
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| Sub Class | Linear diarylheptanoids |
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| Direct Parent | Curcuminoids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Curcumin
- Hydroxycinnamic acid or derivatives
- Methoxyphenol
- Anisole
- Phenoxy compound
- Phenol ether
- Styrene
- Methoxybenzene
- Phenol
- 1,3-diketone
- Alkyl aryl ether
- 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
- Benzenoid
- 1,3-dicarbonyl compound
- Monocyclic benzene moiety
- Acryloyl-group
- Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone
- Enone
- Ketone
- Ether
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organic oxide
- Organic oxygen compound
- Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic homomonocyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Not Available | Not Available |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 7.65 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 11.552 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 1.01 minutes | 32390414 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2304.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 211.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 173.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 161.9 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 121.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 592.9 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 395.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 119.2 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1247.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 446.4 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1143.2 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 325.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 396.3 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 277.8 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 242.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 8.0 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| Curcumin,1TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)=CC=C1O | 3591.7 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,1TMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 3763.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 3620.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 3742.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TMS,isomer #3 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 3743.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 3774.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 3704.2 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C | 3940.6 | Standard polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)=CC=C1O | 3877.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 4053.2 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4170.8 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TBDMS,isomer #2 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=CC(=O)/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 4324.1 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,2TBDMS,isomer #3 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O | 4325.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4536.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4318.6 | Standard non polar | 33892256 | | Curcumin,3TBDMS,isomer #1 | COC1=CC(/C=C/C(=O)C=C(/C=C/C2=CC=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(OC)=C2)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 4091.9 | Standard polar | 33892256 |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fbc-0923000000-107f42bbc825be91449b | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0fbc-0923000000-107f42bbc825be91449b | 2018-05-18 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-004i-0902000000-a583c69443735ecee34d | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin GC-MS (2 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-006t-3090600000-d97f58b9779a3d4c58d5 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Curcumin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin LC-ESI-ITTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-0600-0920000000-c006d38848959c621ec5 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0982000000-2c508f0e4a39ae290728 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-00di-0950000000-af821cd7589af1e24d16 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-0fk9-0981000000-e4da18f81a545b08874b | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin , positive-QTOF | splash10-002b-2920000000-3c3aa8613bf16651cdf5 | 2017-09-14 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000t-0911000000-abf0df68155c943697d1 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-001i-0900000000-0a0213a836a78f6e54cd | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-03k9-0169000000-ba031996da79b96e1951 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004r-0960000000-f8dd0033b656ce57faaa | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00di-0291000000-2396d815134514f2f735 | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014j-0982000000-9cbccf58679bdd2133ef | 2021-09-20 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014i-0209000000-f995da101a08357914b0 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004i-0913000000-6bece31c8c8078c2fda4 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-004j-1900000000-6706d488783638730883 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0109000000-3cbd5e4d9320bc54c318 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0729000000-ae0fe93ebdfbeed7cc4f | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-004v-0914000000-72385474a47d42818f05 | 2016-08-03 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-014i-0419000000-9ca31d2513afa0489fab | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-00ls-0924000000-a7bc7daf4e9622a19a4b | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-008j-0922000000-5ce00b7393b9b7b00d5b | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-016r-0609000000-79fd92244350d542a9f0 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0171-0955000000-d16b5d995679749aff17 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Curcumin 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-002k-1943000000-404ab5fc28a3d651940e | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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