| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2006-02-02 11:25:17 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2023-02-21 17:15:49 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0001844 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Methylsuccinic acid |
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| Description | Methylsuccinic acid (CAS: 498-21-5) is a normal metabolite found in human fluids. Increased urinary levels of methylsuccinic acid (together with ethylmalonic acid) are the main biochemical measurable features in ethylmalonic encephalopathy (OMIM: 602473 ), a rare metabolic disorder with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that is clinically characterized by neuromotor delay, hyperlactic acidemia, recurrent petechiae, orthostatic acrocyanosis, and chronic diarrhea (PMID:12382164 ). The underlying biochemical defect involves isoleucine catabolism (PMID:9667231 ). Methylsuccinic acid levels were found to have decreased in the urine of animals under D-serine-induced nephrotoxicity (D-serine causes selective necrosis of the proximal straight tubules in the rat kidney) (PMID:15596249 ). Moreover, methylsuccinic acid is found to be associated with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, isovaleric acidemia, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are also inborn errors of metabolism. |
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| Structure | InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (S)-2-Methylbutanedioic acid | ChEBI | | (S)-2-Methylbutanedioate | Generator | | Methylsuccinate | Generator | | (S)-Methylsuccinate | HMDB | | (-)-(2S)-Methylbutanedioic acid | HMDB | | (-)-(S)-alpha-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (-)-(S)-Α-methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (-)-2-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (-)-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (-)-alpha-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (-)-Α-methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (2S)-2-Methylbutanedioic acid | HMDB | | (2S)-Methylbutanedioic acid | HMDB | | (S)-(-)-2-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (S)-(-)-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (S)-2-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (S)-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (S)-alpha-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | (S)-Α-methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | 1,2-Propanedicarboxylic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methylbutane-1,4-dioic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methylbutanedioic acid | HMDB | | 2-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | Methylbutanedioic acid | HMDB | | Pyrotartaric acid | HMDB | | alpha-Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | Α-methylsuccinic acid | HMDB | | Methylsuccinic acid | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C5H8O4 |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 132.115 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 132.042258738 |
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| IUPAC Name | (2S)-2-methylbutanedioic acid |
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| Traditional Name | (2S)-2-methylbutanedioic acid |
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| CAS Registry Number | 2174-58-5 |
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| SMILES | C[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C5H8O4/c1-3(5(8)9)2-4(6)7/h3H,2H2,1H3,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t3-/m0/s1 |
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| InChI Key | WXUAQHNMJWJLTG-VKHMYHEASA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as methyl-branched fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an acyl chain that has a methyl branch. Usually, they are saturated and contain only one or more methyl group. However, branches other than methyl may be present. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Fatty Acyls |
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| Sub Class | Fatty acids and conjugates |
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| Direct Parent | Methyl-branched fatty acids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Methyl-branched fatty acid
- Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
- Carboxylic acid
- Carboxylic acid derivative
- Organic oxygen compound
- Organic oxide
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Carbonyl group
- Aliphatic acyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic acyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | Not Available |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | | Property | Value | Reference |
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| Melting Point | 117.5 °C | Not Available | | Boiling Point | Not Available | Not Available | | Water Solubility | 516.5 mg/mL | Human Metabolome Project | | LogP | Not Available | Not Available |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 1.73 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.4645 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 3.83 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 224.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 970.5 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 337.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 65.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 199.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 59.1 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 269.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 290.3 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 174.8 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 605.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 175.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 832.7 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 209.6 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 247.3 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 632.6 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 249.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 368.9 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized| Derivative Name / Structure | SMILES | Kovats RI Value | Column Type | Reference |
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| Methylsuccinic acid,1TMS,isomer #1 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1252.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Methylsuccinic acid,1TMS,isomer #2 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1224.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Methylsuccinic acid,2TMS,isomer #1 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C | 1340.9 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Methylsuccinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #1 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O | 1493.5 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Methylsuccinic acid,1TBDMS,isomer #2 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1472.4 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 | | Methylsuccinic acid,2TBDMS,isomer #1 | C[C@@H](CC(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C | 1762.6 | Semi standard non polar | 33892256 |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies) (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0910000000-b99795b0e5069d573c2d | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0920000000-c96774045667ea1804df | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0002-0910000000-b99795b0e5069d573c2d | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | MS | Mass Spectrum (Electron Ionization) | splash10-0077-9000000000-1bd08b69cec7f9966cb2 | 2020-03-17 | Not Available | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-014i-3900000000-4afd6f9cd1309a7a392b | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-00kr-9600000000-e212a368f465b41cc1fa | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-0l0i-9200000000-c712b36382fde51f3ae5 | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) , Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9400000000-f709b1c905420a006038 | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF (UPLC Q-Tof Premier, Waters) 30V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0019-9400000000-40a1055d8102e323a077 | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9400000000-f709b1c905420a006038 | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOF | splash10-0019-9400000000-40a1055d8102e323a077 | 2020-03-17 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9300000000-ae74d9b2b9c67b6b2c03 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-9000000000-752373f081439a3a1c1d | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-b7e72688d4147a54e2f1 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-014r-9400000000-75023a5f402842660292 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00kf-9000000000-6b61132784740ec74558 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Methylsuccinic acid 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0006-9000000000-99524f95f29b02f6a676 | 2021-09-24 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2020-03-17 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted 1D NMR | 13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted) | 2021-09-25 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental) | 2020-03-17 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
IR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted IR Spectrum | IR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+) | 2023-02-03 | FELIX lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | - Cytoplasm (predicted from logP)
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | Not Available |
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Expected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Available | Not Available | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 151.384 +/- 209.666 nmol/g wet feces | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected and Quantified | 81.520 +/- 46.853 nmol/g wet feces | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Saliva | Detected and Quantified | 8.04 +/- 0.4 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.900 +/- 0.800 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5 +/- 3 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2-3 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <3.392 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.899 +/- 3.586 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <2.0 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.900 +/- 0.700 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <3.392 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-1.9 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-3.0 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-3.1 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0-5.3 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Female | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.8 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.8 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.6 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.3 (0.8-10.8) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5.06 +/- 0.99 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 4.7 (1.1-6.2) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3.2 (0.7-9.9) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.53-0.85 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.56 +/- 1.12 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Not Available | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.7 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.065 +/- 0.863 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | <3.89 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.69-1.2 umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Irritable bowel syndrome | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Ulcerative colitis | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal Cancer | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.100-5.900 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | isovaleric acidemia | | details | | Urine | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Bladder cancer | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 22.612-101.754 umol/mmol creatinine | Newborn (0-30 days old) | Female | Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 6-630 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Both | Short chain acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD) | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 5.200-62.500 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | isovaleric acidemia | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 3-9 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Both | Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 22.612-101.754 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Female | Short chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (SCAD) | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 11.400-17.300 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | isovaleric acidemia | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.9 (1.3-2.5) umol/mmol creatinine | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Refsum's disease | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 0.900-16.700 umol/mmol creatinine | Infant (0-1 year old) | Not Specified | isovaleric acidemia | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 7.2 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Male | Ethylmalonic encephalopathy | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 1.628 +/- 1.644 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Gastroesophageal reflux disease | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 25.309 +/- 83.321 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 6.467 +/- 5.597 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1 - 13 years old) | Not Specified | Eosinophilic esophagitis | | details | | Urine | Detected and Quantified | 2.81 +/- 0.57 umol/mmol creatinine | Children (1-13 years old) | Both | Malnutrition (type kwashiorkor and marasmus) | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Irritable bowel syndrome |
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- Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
| | Ulcerative colitis |
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- Le Gall G, Noor SO, Ridgway K, Scovell L, Jamieson C, Johnson IT, Colquhoun IJ, Kemsley EK, Narbad A: Metabolomics of fecal extracts detects altered metabolic activity of gut microbiota in ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel syndrome. J Proteome Res. 2011 Sep 2;10(9):4208-18. doi: 10.1021/pr2003598. Epub 2011 Aug 8. [PubMed:21761941 ]
| | Colorectal cancer |
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- Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
- Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
| | Refsum's disease |
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- Greter J, Lindstedt S, Steen G: 2,6-Dimethyloctanedioic acid--a metabolite of phytanic acid in Refsum's disease. Clin Chem. 1983 Mar;29(3):434-7. [PubMed:6186413 ]
| | Eosinophilic esophagitis |
|---|
- Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
| | Ethylmalonic encephalopathy |
|---|
- Di Rocco M, Caruso U, Briem E, Rossi A, Allegri AE, Buzzi D, Tiranti V: A case of ethylmalonic encephalopathy with atypical clinical and biochemical presentation. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Dec;89(4):395-7. Epub 2006 Jul 7. [PubMed:16828325 ]
| | Isovaleric acidemia |
|---|
- Loots DT: Abnormal tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolites in isovaleric acidaemia. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2009 Jun;32(3):403-11. doi: 10.1007/s10545-009-1071-6. Epub 2009 Apr 5. [PubMed:19343532 ]
| | Short Chain Acyl-Coa Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
|---|
- Amendt BA, Greene C, Sweetman L, Cloherty J, Shih V, Moon A, Teel L, Rhead WJ: Short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Clinical and biochemical studies in two patients. J Clin Invest. 1987 May;79(5):1303-9. [PubMed:3571488 ]
- Bhala A, Willi SM, Rinaldo P, Bennett MJ, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Hale DE: Clinical and biochemical characterization of short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr. 1995 Jun;126(6):910-5. [PubMed:7776094 ]
| | Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
|---|
- Gregersen N, Kolvraa S, Rasmussen K, Mortensen PB, Divry P, David M, Hobolth N: General (medium-chain) acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (non-ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria): quantitative urinary excretion pattern of 23 biologically significant organic acids in three cases. Clin Chim Acta. 1983 Aug 15;132(2):181-91. [PubMed:6616873 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | - 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
- 266500 (Refsum's disease)
- 610247 (Eosinophilic esophagitis)
- 602473 (Ethylmalonic encephalopathy)
- 243500 (Isovaleric acidemia)
- 201450 (Medium Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency)
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB022704 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00052350 |
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| Chemspider ID | 5323413 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | 2-Methylsuccinic acid |
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| METLIN ID | Not Available |
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| PubChem Compound | 6950476 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 91316 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | MDB00000343 |
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| Good Scents ID | Not Available |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Not Available |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Guneral F, Bachmann C: Age-related reference values for urinary organic acids in a healthy Turkish pediatric population. Clin Chem. 1994 Jun;40(6):862-6. [PubMed:8087979 ]
- Bhala A, Willi SM, Rinaldo P, Bennett MJ, Schmidt-Sommerfeld E, Hale DE: Clinical and biochemical characterization of short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. J Pediatr. 1995 Jun;126(6):910-5. [PubMed:7776094 ]
- Grosso S, Mostardini R, Farnetani MA, Molinelli M, Berardi R, Dionisi-Vici C, Rizzo C, Morgese G, Balestri P: Ethylmalonic encephalopathy: further clinical and neuroradiological characterization. J Neurol. 2002 Oct;249(10):1446-50. [PubMed:12382164 ]
- Nowaczyk MJ, Lehotay DC, Platt BA, Fisher L, Tan R, Phillips H, Clarke JT: Ethylmalonic and methylsuccinic aciduria in ethylmalonic encephalopathy arise from abnormal isoleucine metabolism. Metabolism. 1998 Jul;47(7):836-9. [PubMed:9667231 ]
- Williams RE, Major H, Lock EA, Lenz EM, Wilson ID: D-Serine-induced nephrotoxicity: a HPLC-TOF/MS-based metabonomics approach. Toxicology. 2005 Feb 14;207(2):179-90. [PubMed:15596249 ]
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