Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:46:06 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001165
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01165
Metabolite Identification
Common NameKeratan
DescriptionKeratan, also known as kerato sulfate or sulfate, keratan, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharide sulfates. These are carbohydrates containing between 3 and 9 sugar units, one of which bear one or more sulfate groups. At least two types are known. Keratan is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Keratan is a sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea.
Structure
Data?1582752181
Synonyms
ValueSource
Keratan 6'-sulfateHMDB
Keratan 6'-sulphateHMDB
Keratan sulfateHMDB
Keratan sulphateHMDB
Kerato 6'-sulfateHMDB
Kerato 6'-sulphateHMDB
Kerato sulfateHMDB
Kerato sulphateHMDB
N-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-2-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl]ethanimidateHMDB
N-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-2-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-2-[(sulphooxy)methyl]-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl]ethanimidateHMDB
N-[(2S,3R,4S,6S)-2-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1-hydroxyethylidene)amino]-2-[(sulphooxy)methyl]-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxy-6-[(sulphooxy)methyl]oxan-3-yl]ethanimidic acidHMDB
KeratosulfateHMDB
Sulfate, keratanHMDB
Chemical FormulaC28H48N2O32S4
Average Molecular Weight1052.935
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight1052.10730021
IUPAC Name{[(2S,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy}sulfonic acid
Traditional Name[(2S,4S,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-6-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-[(sulfooxy)methyl]-6-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3,5-dihydroxy-6-[(sulfooxy)methyl]oxan-4-yl]oxy}-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxysulfonic acid
CAS Registry Number69992-87-6
SMILES
CC(=O)N[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@H]1O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@H]3[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@H](COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@@H]2COS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C28H48N2O32S4/c1-8(31)29-15-11(33)3-10(4-52-63(40,41)42)56-26(15)62-24-18(35)13(6-54-65(46,47)48)58-28(21(24)38)60-22-14(7-55-66(49,50)51)59-27(16(19(22)36)30-9(2)32)61-23-17(34)12(5-53-64(43,44)45)57-25(39)20(23)37/h10-28,33-39H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,29,31)(H,30,32)(H,40,41,42)(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)/t10-,11-,12+,13+,14+,15+,16+,17-,18-,19+,20+,21+,22+,23-,24-,25+,26-,27-,28-/m0/s1
InChI KeyKXCLCNHUUKTANI-RBIYJLQWSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharide sulfates. These are carbohydrates containing between 3 and 9 sugar units, one of which bear one or more sulfate groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentOligosaccharide sulfates
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Oligosaccharide sulfate
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Oxane
  • Sulfuric acid monoester
  • Sulfuric acid ester
  • Alkyl sulfate
  • Sulfate-ester
  • Organic sulfuric acid or derivatives
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Acetal
  • Polyol
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility24.9 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.5ALOGPS
logP-15ChemAxon
logS-1.6ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-2.6ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-4ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count28ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count13ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area518.82 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count20ChemAxon
Refractivity194.24 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability92.22 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+272.23432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-301.38632859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+287.43930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-285.78630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-319.8230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+293.59630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+272.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+273.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+271.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+271.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-301.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-305.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-310.632859911

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic MethodRetention TimeReference
Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022.3.34 minutes32390414
Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 202214.1086 minutes33406817
Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 20228.99 minutes32390414
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid511.4 seconds40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1397.2 seconds40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid248.1 seconds40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid62.0 seconds40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid216.7 seconds40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid102.3 seconds40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid409.3 seconds40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid426.6 seconds40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)1030.4 seconds40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid896.2 seconds40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid161.3 seconds40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid1507.3 seconds40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid345.8 seconds40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid457.6 seconds40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate596.0 seconds40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA504.5 seconds40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water699.5 seconds40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)Not Available2022-08-06Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000f-9010060104-bd5beed3fb36ee5715732017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-02bo-3150491228-122cd61bbffb584c1ac02017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000x-2150790013-12506dbbd367914396262017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0ziu-9542136212-13f8482db4e33a98a64b2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-007o-7164060369-735c66971e575bbf22f92017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-4459062000-0d3d89401963ff1ea5db2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-9000000102-47c8c6f51cd1bac1222e2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0adi-2100203289-7780a86c7f9241ab8dbe2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-4910003000-91dddc0febefc20b07792021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-9010000000-68550e6696781bcc899a2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ow-8590030400-aed895d213a3d63b47122021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Keratan 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-9010000000-8ef963b454130a6b7e682021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
Tissue Locations
  • Cartilage
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Intestine
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.14 (0.01-0.30) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified0.75 (0.10-1.44) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothMucopolysaccharidosis IVA details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA
  1. Tomatsu S, Okamura K, Taketani T, Orii KO, Nishioka T, Gutierrez MA, Velez-Castrillon S, Fachel AA, Grubb JH, Cooper A, Thornley M, Wraith E, Barrera LA, Giugliani R, Schwartz IV, Frenking GS, Beck M, Kircher SG, Paschke E, Yamaguchi S, Ullrich K, Isogai K, Suzuki Y, Orii T, Kondo N, Creer M, Noguchi A: Development and testing of new screening method for keratan sulfate in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA. Pediatr Res. 2004 Apr;55(4):592-7. Epub 2004 Jan 7. [PubMed:14711889 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 253000 (Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA )
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022459
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID394000
KEGG Compound IDC00573
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound446715
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDKSI
MarkerDB IDMDB00000304
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Isnard N, Fodil-Bourahla I, Robert AM, Robert L: Pharmacology of skin aging. Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by L-fucose and fucose-rich polysaccharides, effect of in vitro aging of fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother. 2004 Apr;58(3):202-4. [PubMed:15082343 ]
  2. Willen MD, Sorrell JM, Lekan CC, Davis BR, Caplan AI: Patterns of glycosaminoglycan/proteoglycan immunostaining in human skin during aging. J Invest Dermatol. 1991 Jun;96(6):968-74. [PubMed:1710640 ]
  3. Brunnee T, Reddigari SR, Shibayama Y, Kaplan AP, Silverberg M: Mast cell derived heparin activates the contact system: a link to kinin generation in allergic reactions. Clin Exp Allergy. 1997 Jun;27(6):653-63. [PubMed:9208186 ]
  4. Block JA, Schnitzer TJ, Andersson GB, Lenz ME, Jeffery R, McNeill TW, Thonar EJ: The effect of chemonucleolysis on serum keratan sulfate levels in humans. Arthritis Rheum. 1989 Jan;32(1):100-4. [PubMed:2521451 ]
  5. Thonar EJ, Lenz ME, Klintworth GK, Caterson B, Pachman LM, Glickman P, Katz R, Huff J, Kuettner KE: Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism. Arthritis Rheum. 1985 Dec;28(12):1367-76. [PubMed:2935158 ]
  6. Sorrell JM, Caterson B: Detection of age-related changes in the distributions of keratan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates in developing chick limbs: an immunocytochemical study. Development. 1989 Aug;106(4):657-63. [PubMed:2562661 ]
  7. Thonar EJ, Schnitzer TJ, Kuettner KE: Quantification of keratan sulfate in blood as a marker of cartilage catabolism. J Rheumatol. 1987 May;14 Spec No:23-4. [PubMed:2957502 ]
  8. al-Hakim A, Linhardt RJ: Electrophoresis and detection of nanogram quantities of exogenous and endogenous glycosaminoglycans in biological fluids. Appl Theor Electrophor. 1991;1(6):305-12. [PubMed:1718441 ]
  9. Kliner DJ, Gorski JP, Thonar EJ: Keratan sulfate levels in sera of patients bearing cartilage tumors. Cancer. 1987 Jun 1;59(11):1931-5. [PubMed:2952259 ]
  10. Bautch JC, Malone DG, Vailas AC: Effects of exercise on knee joints with osteoarthritis: a pilot study of biologic markers. Arthritis Care Res. 1997 Feb;10(1):48-55. [PubMed:9313390 ]
  11. Morocutti M, Marchini M, Colombo B, Ruggeri A: Heterogeneity of proteoglycan particles in thin sections and replicas of human articular cartilage. Acta Biol Hung. 1984;35(2-4):233-43. [PubMed:6242453 ]
  12. Cameron M, Buchgraber A, Passler H, Vogt M, Thonar E, Fu F, Evans CH: The natural history of the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee. Changes in synovial fluid cytokine and keratan sulfate concentrations. Am J Sports Med. 1997 Nov-Dec;25(6):751-4. [PubMed:9397261 ]
  13. Klintworth GK, Meyer R, Dennis R, Hewitt AT, Stock EL, Lenz ME, Hassell JR, Stark WJ Jr, Kuettner KE, Thonar EJ: Macular corneal dystrophy. Lack of keratan sulfate in serum and cornea. Ophthalmic Paediatr Genet. 1986 Dec;7(3):139-43. [PubMed:2951638 ]
  14. Israel HA, Diamond BE, Saed-Nejad F, Ratcliffe A: Correlation between arthroscopic diagnosis of osteoarthritis and synovitis of the human temporomandibular joint and keratan sulfate levels in the synovial fluid. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1997 Mar;55(3):210-7; discussion 217-8. [PubMed:9054908 ]
  15. Plaas AH, West LA, Thonar EJ, Karcioglu ZA, Smith CJ, Klintworth GK, Hascall VC: Altered fine structures of corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in macular corneal dystrophy. J Biol Chem. 2001 Oct 26;276(43):39788-96. Epub 2001 Aug 20. [PubMed:11514545 ]
  16. Thonar EJ, Glant T: Serum keratan sulfate--a marker of predisposition to polyarticular osteoarthritis. Clin Biochem. 1992 Jun;25(3):175-80. [PubMed:1633632 ]
  17. Thonar EJ: Serum keratan sulfate concentration as a measure of the catabolism of cartilage proteoglycans. Ryumachi. 1990 Dec;30(6):461-8. [PubMed:2100374 ]
  18. Holland JW, Meehan KL, Redmond SL, Dawkins HJ: Purification of the keratan sulfate proteoglycan expressed in prostatic secretory cells and its identification as lumican. Prostate. 2004 May 15;59(3):252-9. [PubMed:15042600 ]
  19. Israel HA, Saed-Nejad F, Ratcliffe A: Early diagnosis of osteoarthrosis of the temporomandibular joint: correlation between arthroscopic diagnosis and keratan sulfate levels in the synovial fluid. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991 Jul;49(7):708-11; discussion 712. [PubMed:2056369 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues of keratan sulfate, another glycosaminoglycan, and the Gal residues in sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (sialyl LacNAc) oligosaccharides. May play a role in the maintenance of naive T-lymphocytes in the spleen.
Gene Name:
CHST3
Uniprot ID:
Q7LGC8
Molecular weight:
54705.5
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of galactose (Gal) residues of keratan. Has a preference for sulfating keratan sulfate, but it also transfers sulfate to the unsulfated polymer. The sulfotransferase activity on sialyl LacNAc structures is much higher than the corresponding desialylated substrate, and only internal Gal residues are sulfated. May function in the sulfation of sialyl N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharide chains attached to glycoproteins. Participates in biosynthesis of selectin ligands. Selectin ligands are present in high endothelial cells (HEVs) and play a central role in lymphocyte homing at sites of inflammation.
Gene Name:
CHST1
Uniprot ID:
O43916
Molecular weight:
46714.21
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Keratan → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + Keratandetails
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. Preferentially acts on mannose-linked GlcNAc. Also able to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Also acts on core 2 mucin-type oligosaccharide and N-acetyllactosamine oligomer with a lower efficiency. Has weak or no activity toward keratan sulfate and oligosaccharides containing the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. Catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of beta-benzyl GlcNAc but not alpha- or beta-benzyl GalNAc.
Gene Name:
CHST7
Uniprot ID:
Q9NS84
Molecular weight:
54265.635
General function:
Involved in hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
Specific function:
Plays an important role in the degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates.
Gene Name:
GUSB
Uniprot ID:
P08236
Molecular weight:
74731.46
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GNS
Uniprot ID:
P15586
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
GALNS
Uniprot ID:
P34059
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in protein binding
Specific function:
May be important in developing and maintaining corneal transparency and for the structure of the stromal matrix
Gene Name:
KERA
Uniprot ID:
O60938
Molecular weight:
40508.5
General function:
Involved in protein binding
Specific function:
Affects the rate of fibrils formation. May have a primary role in collagen fibrillogenesis
Gene Name:
FMOD
Uniprot ID:
Q06828
Molecular weight:
43178.4
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of non- reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues of keratan. Mediates sulfation of keratan in cornea. Keratan sulfate plays a central role in maintaining corneal transparency. Acts on the non- reducing terminal GlcNAc of short and long carbohydrate substrates that have poly-N-acetyllactosamine structures
Gene Name:
CHST6
Uniprot ID:
Q9GZX3
Molecular weight:
44098.4
General function:
Involved in galactosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
May be involved in keratane sulfate biosynthesis. Transfers N-acetylgalactosamine on to keratan sulfate-related glycans. May play a role in preventing cells from migrating out of the original tissues and invading surrounding tissues
Gene Name:
B3GNT7
Uniprot ID:
Q8NFL0
Molecular weight:
45986.9

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.