| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Detected and Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:49:07 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0000908 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | 5alpha-Cholestanol |
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| Description | 5alpha-Cholestanol, also known as cholestanol or dihydrocholesterol, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. Thus, 5alpha-cholestanol is considered to be a sterol lipid molecule. 5alpha-Cholestanol is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 5alpha-Cholestanol is a potentially toxic compound. |
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| Structure | [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@@]4([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C InChI=1S/C27H48O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h18-25,28H,6-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| (3beta,5alpha)-Cholestan-3-ol | ChEBI | | Cholestanol | ChEBI | | Dihydrocholesterol | ChEBI | | Zymostanol | ChEBI | | (3b,5a)-Cholestan-3-ol | Generator | | (3Β,5α)-cholestan-3-ol | Generator | | 5a-Cholestanol | Generator | | 5Α-cholestanol | Generator | | 5 alpha Cholestan 3 beta ol | HMDB | | 5 beta Cholestan 3 beta ol | HMDB | | 5 beta-Cholestan-3 beta-ol | HMDB | | beta Cholestanol | HMDB | | beta-Ol, 5 beta-cholestan-3 | HMDB | | 5 alpha Cholestan 3 alpha ol | HMDB | | 5 alpha-Cholestan-3 beta-ol | HMDB | | Cholestan 3 ol | HMDB | | Cholestanol, (3alpha, 5beta)-isomer | HMDB | | Coprosterol | HMDB | | beta-Cholestanol | HMDB | | 5 beta-Cholestan-3 alpha-ol | HMDB | | Coprostanol | HMDB | | 5 alpha-Cholestan-3 alpha-ol | HMDB | | Cholestan-3-ol | HMDB | | beta-Cholestan-3 beta-ol, 5 | HMDB | | 3b-Hydroxy-5a-cholestane | HMDB | | 3b-Hydroxycholestane | HMDB | | 5a-Cholestan-3b-ol | HMDB | | 5a-Dihydrocholesterol | HMDB | | Cholestan-3b-ol | HMDB | | Dihydrocholesterin | HMDB | | Epicholestanol | HMDB | | 5alpha-Cholestanol | ChEBI |
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| Chemical Formula | C27H48O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 388.6694 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 388.370516158 |
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| IUPAC Name | (1S,2S,5S,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-ol |
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| Traditional Name | (1S,2S,5S,7S,10R,11S,14R,15R)-2,15-dimethyl-14-[(2R)-6-methylheptan-2-yl]tetracyclo[8.7.0.0^{2,7}.0^{11,15}]heptadecan-5-ol |
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| CAS Registry Number | 80-97-7 |
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| SMILES | [H][C@@]1(CC[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@@]4([H])C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@@]3([H])CC[C@]12C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C27H48O/c1-18(2)7-6-8-19(3)23-11-12-24-22-10-9-20-17-21(28)13-15-26(20,4)25(22)14-16-27(23,24)5/h18-25,28H,6-17H2,1-5H3/t19-,20+,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27-/m1/s1 |
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| InChI Key | QYIXCDOBOSTCEI-QCYZZNICSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as cholesterols and derivatives. Cholesterols and derivatives are compounds containing a 3-hydroxylated cholestane core. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Lipids and lipid-like molecules |
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| Class | Steroids and steroid derivatives |
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| Sub Class | Cholestane steroids |
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| Direct Parent | Cholesterols and derivatives |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Cholesterol-skeleton
- Cholesterol
- 3-beta-hydroxysteroid
- Hydroxysteroid
- 3-hydroxysteroid
- Cyclic alcohol
- Secondary alcohol
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organooxygen compound
- Alcohol
- Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aliphatic homopolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Not Available |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 9.34 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 27.6298 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.89 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 42.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 3690.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 860.2 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 329.3 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 355.4 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 772.7 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1326.1 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1131.2 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 108.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2178.2 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 743.7 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 2389.9 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 751.5 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 624.7 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 352.7 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 688.8 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 8.7 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| Spectra |
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| GC-MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (1 TMS) | splash10-0a7l-8910000000-cb54fe639b59ac574d48 | 2014-06-16 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0159-2971000000-c73c47a340a1d4a167e1 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol EI-B (Non-derivatized) | splash10-001c-9685000000-f1bd7d21900c66c26e86 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0a7l-8910000000-cb54fe639b59ac574d48 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Experimental GC-MS | GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-EI-TOF (Non-derivatized) | splash10-0a4m-3920000000-deaba49a3e34c5a9a998 | 2017-09-12 | HMDB team, MONA, MassBank | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-05i0-0109000000-761dcf3fe040f44fa80e | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positive | splash10-0002-3104900000-654dcbe9dd07b5a589f2 | 2017-10-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-10-12 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted GC-MS | Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, Positive | Not Available | 2021-11-06 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
MS/MS Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Splash Key | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-000i-1019000000-713d1937c93d1a00cc54 | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-000j-9002000000-f96eb85165088475ddbc | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated) | splash10-05o1-9200000000-8819828d6963c4e8290d | 2012-07-24 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol EI-B (SHIMADZU LKB-9000B) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-0159-2971000000-c73c47a340a1d4a167e1 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Experimental LC-MS/MS | LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol EI-B (JEOL JMS-01-SG-2) , Positive-QTOF | splash10-001c-9685000000-f1bd7d21900c66c26e86 | 2012-08-31 | HMDB team, MONA | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0079-0009000000-57023400d5e478a8c746 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-00dr-3039000000-9ce6c0a362b9f376d3f0 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-4159000000-32959ebb75235db63ac3 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-134a888410f8beddca3b | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-c42f43f5e21141f5a909 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-0ab9-1009000000-8096d56c7bfdd221f9c2 | 2017-09-01 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 10V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-44afea742dee80d0734e | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 20V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4i-9032000000-166905331dad000292e6 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 40V, Positive-QTOF | splash10-0a4j-9820000000-f066461902c4fe39e2d4 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 10V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-34ef429285e58bb4b314 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 20V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-780ac33d63315f658159 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Predicted LC-MS/MS | Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 5alpha-Cholestanol 40V, Negative-QTOF | splash10-000i-0009000000-2b8e0e9916832dc47876 | 2021-09-22 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
NMR Spectra| Spectrum Type | Description | Deposition Date | Source | View |
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| Experimental 1D NMR | 1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | 2012-12-04 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum | | Experimental 2D NMR | [1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, CDCl3, experimental) | 2012-12-05 | Wishart Lab | View Spectrum |
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations | - Extracellular
- Membrane (predicted from logP)
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| Biospecimen Locations | |
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| Tissue Locations | - Brain
- Eye Lens
- Fibroblasts
- Liver
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| Pathways | |
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| Normal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.26 +/- 5.40 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 2.573-12.864 uM | Not Specified | Not Specified | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Normal | | details |
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| Abnormal Concentrations |
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| Blood | Detected and Quantified | 9.0 +/- 2.5 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 30.6 +/- 1.4 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Female | Cirrhosis | | details | | Blood | Detected and Quantified | 60.720-122.726 uM | Adult (>18 years old) | Male | 27-hydroxylase deficiency | | details | | Feces | Detected but not Quantified | Not Quantified | Adult (>18 years old) | Both | Colorectal cancer | | details |
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| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References | | Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis |
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- Halperin G, Elisaf M, Leitersdorf E, Harats D: A new method for determination of serum cholestanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jun 9;742(2):345-52. [PubMed:10901139 ]
- Siman-Tov T, Meiner V, Gadoth N: Could steroids mask the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis? J Neurol Sci. 2006 Apr 15;243(1-2):83-6. Epub 2006 Jan 30. [PubMed:16445943 ]
| | Cirrhosis |
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- Halperin G, Elisaf M, Leitersdorf E, Harats D: A new method for determination of serum cholestanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jun 9;742(2):345-52. [PubMed:10901139 ]
| | Colorectal cancer |
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- Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
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| Associated OMIM IDs | - 213700 (Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis)
- 114500 (Colorectal cancer)
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| External Links |
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| DrugBank ID | Not Available |
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| Phenol Explorer Compound ID | Not Available |
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| FooDB ID | FDB012122 |
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| KNApSAcK ID | C00053136 |
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| Chemspider ID | 6413 |
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| KEGG Compound ID | Not Available |
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| BioCyc ID | Not Available |
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| BiGG ID | Not Available |
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| Wikipedia Link | Not Available |
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| METLIN ID | 5864 |
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| PubChem Compound | 6665 |
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| PDB ID | Not Available |
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| ChEBI ID | 86570 |
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| Food Biomarker Ontology | Not Available |
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| VMH ID | Not Available |
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| MarkerDB ID | MDB00000281 |
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| Good Scents ID | rw1133261 |
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| References |
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| Synthesis Reference | Bruce, W. F.; Ralls, J. O. Dihydrocholesterol (b-cholestanol). Organic Syntheses (1937), 17 45-7. |
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| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) | Download (PDF) |
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| General References | - Gylling H, Vuoristo M, Farkkila M, Miettinen TA: The metabolism of cholestanol in primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 1996 Apr;24(4):444-51. [PubMed:8738731 ]
- Nikkila K, Hockerstedt K, Miettinen TA: Liver transplantation modifies serum cholestanol, cholesterol precursor and plant sterol levels. Clin Chim Acta. 1992 Jun 30;208(3):205-18. [PubMed:1499139 ]
- Nakajima M, Yamato S, Wakabayashi H, Shimada K: High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cholesterol and cholestanol in human serum by precolumn derivatization with 2-[2-(isocyanate)ethyl]-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone combined with platinum catalyst reduction and electrochemical detection. Biol Pharm Bull. 1995 Dec;18(12):1762-4. [PubMed:8787802 ]
- Salen G, Shefer S, Tint GS: Transformation of 4-cholesten-3-one and 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one into cholestanol and bile acids in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Gastroenterology. 1984 Aug;87(2):276-83. [PubMed:6735073 ]
- Koopman BJ, van der Molen JC, Wolthers BG, de Jager AE, Waterreus RJ, Gips CH: Capillary gas chromatographic determination of cholestanol/cholesterol ratio in biological fluids. Its potential usefulness for the follow-up of some liver diseases and its lack of specificity in diagnosing CTX (cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis). Clin Chim Acta. 1984 Mar 13;137(3):305-15. [PubMed:6421514 ]
- Ballantyne CM, Vega GL, East C, Richards G, Grundy SM: Low-density lipoprotein metabolism in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Metabolism. 1987 Mar;36(3):270-6. [PubMed:3821507 ]
- Skrede S, Bjorkhem I, Buchmann MS, Hopen G, Fausa O: A novel pathway for biosynthesis of cholestanol with 7 alpha-hydroxylated C27-steroids as intermediates, and its importance for the accumulation of cholestanol in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Clin Invest. 1985 Feb;75(2):448-55. [PubMed:3919058 ]
- Halperin G, Elisaf M, Leitersdorf E, Harats D: A new method for determination of serum cholestanol by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000 Jun 9;742(2):345-52. [PubMed:10901139 ]
- Canelas HM, Quintao EC, Scaff M, Vasconcelos KS, Brotto MW: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: clinical and laboratory study of 2 cases. Acta Neurol Scand. 1983 May;67(5):305-11. [PubMed:6410671 ]
- Verrips A, van Engelen BG, Wevers RA, van Geel BM, Cruysberg JR, van den Heuvel LP, Keyser A, Gabreels FJ: Presence of diarrhea and absence of tendon xanthomas in patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Arch Neurol. 2000 Apr;57(4):520-4. [PubMed:10768627 ]
- Heller R, Grau AJ, Schabitz WR, Schwaninger M: [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a treatable metabolic disorder]. Nervenarzt. 2002 Dec;73(12):1160-6. [PubMed:12486565 ]
- Serizawa S, Seyama Y, Otsuka H, Kasama T, Yamakawa T: Simplified determination of cholestanol in serum by gas-liquid chromatography: biochemical diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. J Biochem. 1981 Jul;90(1):17-21. [PubMed:7287675 ]
- Salen G, Berginer V, Shore V, Horak I, Horak E, Tint GS, Shefer S: Increased concentrations of cholestanol and apolipoprotein B in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Effect of chenodeoxycholic acid. N Engl J Med. 1987 May 14;316(20):1233-8. [PubMed:3106810 ]
- Siman-Tov T, Meiner V, Gadoth N: Could steroids mask the diagnosis of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis? J Neurol Sci. 2006 Apr 15;243(1-2):83-6. Epub 2006 Jan 30. [PubMed:16445943 ]
- Baumgartner RW, Hauser V, Grob P, Waespe W: [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Jun 8;121(23):858-64. [PubMed:1857943 ]
- Miettinen TA, Kesaniemi YA, Jarvinen H, Hastbacka J: Cholesterol precursor sterols, plant sterols, and cholestanol in human bile and gallstones. Gastroenterology. 1986 Apr;90(4):858-64. [PubMed:3081398 ]
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