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Identification Taxonomy Ontology Physical properties Spectra Biological properties Concentrations Links References enzymes (1083)transporters (2) Show 1085 proteins XML

enzymes (1083)transporters (2) Show 1085 proteins

Record Information

Version

5.0

Status

Detected and Quantified

Creation Date

2006-08-15 17:25:35 UTC

Update Date

2022-03-07 02:49:02 UTC

HMDB ID

HMDB0000464

Secondary Accession Numbers

HMDB00464

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Calcium

Description

Calcium is essential for the normal growth and maintenance of bones and teeth, and calcium requirements must be met throughout life. Requirements are greatest during periods of growth, such as childhood, during pregnancy and when breast-feeding. Long-term calcium deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, in which the bone deteriorates and there is an increased risk of fractures. Adults need between 1,000 and 1,300 mg of calcium in their daily diet. Calcium is essential for living organisms, particularly in cell physiology, and is the most common metal in many animals. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Calcium combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes. Calcium is an important component of a healthy diet. A deficit can affect bone and tooth formation, while overretention can cause kidney stones. Vitamin D is needed to absorb calcium. Dairy products, such as milk and cheese, are a well-known source of calcium. However, some individuals are allergic to dairy products and even more people, particularly those of non-European descent, are lactose-intolerant, leaving them unable to consume dairy products. Fortunately, many other good sources of calcium exist. These include: seaweeds such as kelp, wakame and hijiki; nuts and seeds (like almonds and sesame); beans; amaranth; collard greens; okra; rutabaga; broccoli; kale; and fortified products such as orange juice and soy milk. Calcium has also been found to assist in the production of lymphatic fluids. Furthermore, calcium is found to be associated with primary hypomagnesemia, which is an inborn error of metabolism.

Structure

MOL 3D MOL SDF 3D SDF PDB 3D PDB SMILES InChI

View in JSmol View Stereo Labels

Synonyms

Value	Source
Ca(2+)	ChEBI
Ca2+	ChEBI
CALCIUM ion	ChEBI
Calcium, doubly charged positive ion	ChEBI
Calcium(2+)	Kegg
Ca	HMDB
Calcium element	HMDB

Chemical Formula

Average Molecular Weight

40.078

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

39.962591155

IUPAC Name

calcium(2+) ion

Traditional Name

calcium(2+) ion

CAS Registry Number

7440-70-2

SMILES

[Ca++]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Ca/q+2

InChI Key

BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Description

Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkaline earth metal atom.

Kingdom

Inorganic compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous metal compounds

Class

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Sub Class

Not Available

Direct Parent

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal compounds

Alternative Parents

Not Available

Substituents

Homogeneous alkaline earth metal

Molecular Framework

Not Available

External Descriptors

monoatomic dication (CHEBI:29108 )
divalent metal cation (CHEBI:29108 )
calcium cation (CHEBI:29108 )
a cation (CA+2 )

Ontology

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	850 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Not Available

Predicted Molecular Properties

Property	Value	Source
logP	-0.57	ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)	3.09	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	2	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 Å²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	0 m³·mol⁻¹	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.78 Å³	ChemAxon
Number of Rings	0	ChemAxon
Bioavailability	Yes	ChemAxon
Rule of Five	Yes	ChemAxon
Ghose Filter	No	ChemAxon
Veber's Rule	Yes	ChemAxon
MDDR-like Rule	No	ChemAxon

Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predictor	Adduct Type	CCS Value (Å²)	Reference
DeepCCS	[M+H]+	109.723	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-H]-	107.999	30932474
DeepCCS	[M-2H]-	143.203	30932474
DeepCCS	[M+Na]+	116.533	30932474

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Chromatographic Method	Retention Time	Reference
AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid	306.4 seconds	40023050
Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	1046.5 seconds	40023050
Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid	488.4 seconds	40023050
Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	219.5 seconds	40023050
Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid	402.8 seconds	40023050
RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	261.3 seconds	40023050
Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	377.1 seconds	40023050
BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	480.7 seconds	40023050
HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate)	716.5 seconds	40023050
UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid	753.8 seconds	40023050
BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	238.7 seconds	40023050
UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid	828.0 seconds	40023050
SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	334.2 seconds	40023050
RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid	425.4 seconds	40023050
MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate	764.0 seconds	40023050
KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA	419.7 seconds	40023050
Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water	337.0 seconds	40023050

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

Metabolite	SMILES	Kovats RI Value	Column Type	Reference
Calcium	[Ca++]	691.1	Standard polar	33892256
Calcium	[Ca++]	273.1	Standard non polar	33892256
Calcium	[Ca++]	64.3	Semi standard non polar	33892256

Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum Type	Description	Splash Key	Deposition Date	Source	View
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 10V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0006-9000000000-382f6681443a5ba4aff6	2015-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 20V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0006-9000000000-382f6681443a5ba4aff6	2015-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 40V, Positive-QTOF	splash10-0006-9000000000-382f6681443a5ba4aff6	2015-09-14	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 10V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-000i-9000000000-b897a59dd4cd48dea0d1	2015-09-15	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 20V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-000i-9000000000-b897a59dd4cd48dea0d1	2015-09-15	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MS	Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Calcium 40V, Negative-QTOF	splash10-000i-9000000000-b897a59dd4cd48dea0d1	2015-09-15	Wishart Lab	View Spectrum

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Extracellular

Biospecimen Locations

Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Saliva
Urine

Tissue Locations

Not Available

Pathways

Name	SMPDB/PathBank	KEGG
alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism	Not Available
beta-Alanine metabolism	Not Available
GABA-Transaminase Deficiency		Not Available
Ureidopropionase Deficiency		Not Available
Carnosinuria, carnosinemia		Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2600 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	2001103	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2120.86-2744.65 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Normal	CALIPER Paediatri...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2295.52-2619.89 uM	Children (1 - <19 years old)	Female	Normal	CALIPER Paediatri...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2120.86-2744.65 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Male	Normal	CALIPER Paediatri...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2295.52-2619.89 uM	Children (1 - <19 years old)	Male	Normal	CALIPER Paediatri...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2550 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Molecular You	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2550 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Molecular You	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2550 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Molecular You	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2550 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Molecular You	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2120-2700 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	9579153	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2700 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	23430506	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1150-1320 uM	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	26537508	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2120.864-2495.134 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	23322328	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2500 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	12838198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1200-1380 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Normal	12014995	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1270 +/- 120 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24735350	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2100-2400 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	2017228	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1536 +/- 141 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	16244393	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2352.0 +/- 100.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	16895893	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2377.0 +/- 100.0 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	16895893	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2420.0 (2250.0-2590.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2430.0 +/- 70.0 uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2510.0 +/- 90.0 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2220.0 +/- 190.0 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	1047 +/- 520 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	22546835	details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	1190.0 (1020.0 - 1340.0) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Geigy Scientific ...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2480 +/- 630 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	19212491	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	990 +/- 760 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	19212491	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	690.32 +/- 404.88 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Zerihun T. Dame, ...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	3241.679 +/- 2450.721 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	10378074	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2751.634 +/- 1492.589 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	10378074	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1830 +/- 1020 uM	Not Specified	Both	Normal	297449	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	2060.981 +/- 391.736 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Shatha A Hassan a...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1644.294 +/- 321.872 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Shatha A Hassan a...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1719.148 +/- 444.134 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Shatha A Hassan a...	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1579.420 +/- 504.0172 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	1898271	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1479.615 +/- 331.853 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	1898271	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1437.197 +/- 269.475 uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	1898271	details
Saliva	Detected and Quantified	1270.0235 +/- 229.552 uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	1898271	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	100-300 umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	18310267	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	232-269 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Both	Normal	25064025	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	391.0 +/- 125.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	299.0 +/- 99.0 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	Geigy Scientific ... West Cadwell, N.J... Basel, Switzerlan...	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	256.5 +/- 13.00 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Female	Normal	12772433	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	276.00 +/- 19.7 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Normal	12772433	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	200.0 (16.9-520.0) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	24023812	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	<2256.799 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Not Specified	Normal	27120771	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	<700 umol/mmol creatinine	Not Specified	Not Specified	Normal	26069767	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1700-2300 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Normal	16583241	details

Abnormal Concentrations

Biospecimen	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference	Details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1047.956 uM	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal	17998760	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1290-1860 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Available	Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency	12838198	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1980 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency	12014995	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1190 +/- 80 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Digeorge Syndrome	24735350	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2310 uM	Adolescent (13-18 years old)	Male	Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal	6132241	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2120.864 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Hyperphosphatasia	23322328	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2540 (2380-2640) uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Bartter Syndrome, Type 3	28381550	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1090 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness	26537508	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2090 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal	6132241	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1400 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Pyroglutamic aciduria	23430506	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1696.691 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	27-hydroxylase deficiency	23001091	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1200-2290 uM	Infant (0-1 year old)	Both	Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome	2001103	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2400(2200-2600) uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Not Specified	Oculocerebrorenal Syndrome of Lowe	2017228	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1714 +/- 132 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	16244393	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	798.443-1047.956 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Primary Hypomagnesemia	10337938	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	2395.329-2869.405 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Primary Hypomagnesemia	10337938	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1580 +/- 330 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Primary Hypomagnesemia	9579153	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1534.508 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Primary hypomagnesemia	5419995	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1472.129 uM	Children (1-13 years old)	Male	Primary hypomagnesemia	5419995	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1683 +/- 249 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Parkinson's disease	16244392	details
Blood	Detected and Quantified	1637 +/- 282 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Multiple sclerosis	16244395	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	20-30 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness	18310267	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1370 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness	18310267	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	6 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness	18310267	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	8180.897-40340.286 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Male	Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient	27120771	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	296.921 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Female	Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency	12014995	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	3800 umol/mmol creatinine	Newborn (0-30 days old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal	26069767	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1692.599-3385.199 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Female	Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal	17998760	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	1500 umol/mmol creatinine	Infant (0-1 year old)	Not Specified	Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness	16583241	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	864.980-1131.128 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Primary Hypomagnesemia	10337938	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	199.611-532.295 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Male	Primary Hypomagnesemia	10337938	details
Urine	Detected and Quantified	186.667-380.667 umol/mmol creatinine	Children (1-13 years old)	Both	Primary Hypomagnesemia	12720080	details

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Multiple sclerosis
Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6. [PubMed:16244395 ]
Oculocerebrorenal syndrome
Charnas LR, Bernardini I, Rader D, Hoeg JM, Gahl WA: Clinical and laboratory findings in the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, with special reference to growth and renal function. N Engl J Med. 1991 May 9;324(19):1318-25. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199105093241904. [PubMed:2017228 ]
Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome
Sanjad SA, Sakati NA, Abu-Osba YK, Kaddoura R, Milner RD: A new syndrome of congenital hypoparathyroidism, severe growth failure, and dysmorphic features. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Feb;66(2):193-6. [PubMed:2001103 ]
Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal
Hennekam RC, Donckerwolcke RA: Primary hypomagnesaemia, an autosomal recessive inherited disease? Lancet. 1983 Apr 23;1(8330):927. [PubMed:6132241 ]
Digeorge Syndrome
Cheung EN, George SR, Costain GA, Andrade DM, Chow EW, Silversides CK, Bassett AS: Prevalence of hypocalcaemia and its associated features in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014 Aug;81(2):190-6. doi: 10.1111/cen.12466. Epub 2014 May 27. [PubMed:24735350 ]
Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency
den Boer ME, Dionisi-Vici C, Chakrapani A, van Thuijl AO, Wanders RJ, Wijburg FA: Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency: a severe fatty acid oxidation disorder with cardiac and neurologic involvement. J Pediatr. 2003 Jun;142(6):684-9. doi: 10.1067/mpd.2003.231. [PubMed:12838198 ]
Hyperphosphatasia
Saki F, Karamizadeh Z, Nasirabadi S, Mumm S, McAlister WH, Whyte MP: Juvenile paget's disease in an Iranian kindred with vitamin D deficiency and novel homozygous TNFRSF11B mutation. J Bone Miner Res. 2013 Jun;28(6):1501-8. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.1868. [PubMed:23322328 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
Seys E, Andrini O, Keck M, Mansour-Hendili L, Courand PY, Simian C, Deschenes G, Kwon T, Bertholet-Thomas A, Bobrie G, Borde JS, Bourdat-Michel G, Decramer S, Cailliez M, Krug P, Cozette P, Delbet JD, Dubourg L, Chaveau D, Fila M, Jourde-Chiche N, Knebelmann B, Lavocat MP, Lemoine S, Djeddi D, Llanas B, Louillet F, Merieau E, Mileva M, Mota-Vieira L, Mousson C, Nobili F, Novo R, Roussey-Kesler G, Vrillon I, Walsh SB, Teulon J, Blanchard A, Vargas-Poussou R: Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Aug;28(8):2540-2552. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101057. Epub 2017 Apr 5. [PubMed:28381550 ]
Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Agrawal NK, Garg S: Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: a rare disorder with a rare presentation. BMJ Case Rep. 2012 Sep 21;2012. pii: bcr-2012-006202. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2012-006202. [PubMed:23001091 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
Adachi M, Asakura Y, Sato Y, Tajima T, Nakajima T, Yamamoto T, Fujieda K: Novel SLC12A1 (NKCC2) mutations in two families with Bartter syndrome type 1. Endocr J. 2007 Dec;54(6):1003-7. Epub 2007 Nov 12. [PubMed:17998760 ]
Primary hypomagnesemia
Vainsel M, Vandevelde G, Smulders J, Vosters M, Hubain P, Loeb H: Tetany due to hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1970 Apr;45(240):254-8. [PubMed:5419995 ] Shalev H, Phillip M, Galil A, Carmi R, Landau D: Clinical presentation and outcome in primary familial hypomagnesaemia. Arch Dis Child. 1998 Feb;78(2):127-30. [PubMed:9579153 ] Jin-no Y, Kamiya Y, Okada M, Hirako M, Takada N, Kawaguchi M: Primary hypomagnesemia caused by isolated magnesium malabsorption: atypical case in adult. Intern Med. 1999 Mar;38(3):261-5. [PubMed:10337938 ] Kari JA, Farouq M, Alshaya HO: Familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Pediatr Nephrol. 2003 Jun;18(6):506-10. Epub 2003 Apr 29. [PubMed:12720080 ]
Parkinson's disease
Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. [PubMed:16244392 ]
Alzheimer's disease
Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203. [PubMed:16244393 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal
Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29. [PubMed:26069767 ]
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency
Belmont JW, Reid B, Taylor W, Baker SS, Moore WH, Morriss MC, Podrebarac SM, Glass N, Schwartz ID: Congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency presenting with failure to thrive, hypercalcemia, and nephrocalcinosis. BMC Pediatr. 2002 Apr 25;2:4. [PubMed:12014995 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient
Laghmani K, Beck BB, Yang SS, Seaayfan E, Wenzel A, Reusch B, Vitzthum H, Priem D, Demaretz S, Bergmann K, Duin LK, Gobel H, Mache C, Thiele H, Bartram MP, Dombret C, Altmuller J, Nurnberg P, Benzing T, Levtchenko E, Seyberth HW, Klaus G, Yigit G, Lin SH, Timmer A, de Koning TJ, Scherjon SA, Schlingmann KP, Bertrand MJ, Rinschen MM, de Backer O, Konrad M, Komhoff M: Polyhydramnios, Transient Antenatal Bartter's Syndrome, and MAGED2 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507629. Epub 2016 Apr 27. [PubMed:27120771 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
Zaffanello M, Taranta A, Palma A, Bettinelli A, Marseglia GL, Emma F: Type IV Bartter syndrome: report of two new cases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Jun;21(6):766-70. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0090-x. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [PubMed:16583241 ] Heilberg IP, Totoli C, Calado JT: Adult presentation of Bartter syndrome type IV with erythrocytosis. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2015 Oct-Dec;13(4):604-6. doi: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RC3013. Epub 2015 Oct 30. [PubMed:26537508 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness
Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944. [PubMed:18310267 ]

Associated OMIM IDs

126200 (Multiple sclerosis)
309000 (Oculocerebrorenal syndrome)
241410 (Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome)
602014 (Hypomagnesemia 1, intestinal)
188400 (Digeorge Syndrome)
609015 (Mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency)
239000 (Hyperphosphatasia)
607364 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 3)
213700 (Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis)
601678 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal)
248250 (Primary hypomagnesemia)
168600 (Parkinson's disease)
104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
241200 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal)
222900 (Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency)
300971 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient)
602522 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness)
613090 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness)

External Links

DrugBank ID

Not Available

Phenol Explorer Compound ID

Not Available

FooDB ID

FDB003513

KNApSAcK ID

Not Available

Chemspider ID

266

KEGG Compound ID

C00076

BioCyc ID

Not Available

BiGG ID

Not Available

Wikipedia Link

Calcium

METLIN ID

Not Available

PubChem Compound

271

PDB ID

Not Available

ChEBI ID

29108

Food Biomarker Ontology

Not Available

VMH ID

CA2

MarkerDB ID

MDB00013426

Good Scents ID

Not Available

References

Synthesis Reference

Not Available

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

Download (PDF)

General References

Boonen S, Vanderschueren D, Haentjens P, Lips P: Calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis - a clinical update. J Intern Med. 2006 Jun;259(6):539-52. [PubMed:16704554 ]
Gennari C: Calcium and vitamin D nutrition and bone disease of the elderly. Public Health Nutr. 2001 Apr;4(2B):547-59. [PubMed:11683549 ]
Kirchhoff P, Geibel JP: Role of calcium and other trace elements in the gastrointestinal physiology. World J Gastroenterol. 2006 May 28;12(20):3229-36. [PubMed:16718844 ]
Gross MD: Vitamin D and calcium in the prevention of prostate and colon cancer: new approaches for the identification of needs. J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):326-31. [PubMed:15671236 ]
Dawson-Hughes B, Harris SS, Krall EA, Dallal GE: Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on bone density in men and women 65 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 1997 Sep 4;337(10):670-6. [PubMed:9278463 ]
Porthouse J, Cockayne S, King C, Saxon L, Steele E, Aspray T, Baverstock M, Birks Y, Dumville J, Francis R, Iglesias C, Puffer S, Sutcliffe A, Watt I, Torgerson DJ: Randomised controlled trial of calcium and supplementation with cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for prevention of fractures in primary care. BMJ. 2005 Apr 30;330(7498):1003. [PubMed:15860827 ]
Grant AM, Avenell A, Campbell MK, McDonald AM, MacLennan GS, McPherson GC, Anderson FH, Cooper C, Francis RM, Donaldson C, Gillespie WJ, Robinson CM, Torgerson DJ, Wallace WA: Oral vitamin D3 and calcium for secondary prevention of low-trauma fractures in elderly people (Randomised Evaluation of Calcium Or vitamin D, RECORD): a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 May 7-13;365(9471):1621-8. [PubMed:15885294 ]
Weingarten MA, Zalmanovici A, Yaphe J: Dietary calcium supplementation for preventing colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005 Jul 20;(3):CD003548. [PubMed:16034903 ]
Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, Wallace RB, Robbins J, Lewis CE, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Blanchette P, Bonds DE, Brunner RL, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Cauley JA, Chlebowski RT, Cummings SR, Granek I, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kotchen JM, Kuller LH, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Limacher MC, Ludlam S, Manson JE, Margolis KL, McGowan J, Ockene JK, O'Sullivan MJ, Phillips L, Prentice RL, Sarto GE, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wactawski-Wende J, Whitlock E, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Barad D: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med. 2006 Feb 16;354(7):669-83. [PubMed:16481635 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 1085 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Enzymes

Enzyme Details

1. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) 24-hydroxylase, mitochondrial

General function:: Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:: Has a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent 24-hydroxylation of calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and calcitriol (1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). The enzyme can perform up to 6 rounds of hydroxylation of calcitriol leading to calcitroic acid. It also shows 23-hydroxylating activity leading to 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-26,23-lactone as end product.
Gene Name:: CYP24A1
Uniprot ID:: Q07973
Molecular weight:: 58874.695

Enzyme Details

2. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Gene Name:: PLCB1
Uniprot ID:: Q9NQ66
Molecular weight:: 138565.805

Enzyme Details

3. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Gene Name:: PLCB2
Uniprot ID:: Q00722
Molecular weight:: 134023.21

Enzyme Details

4. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Gene Name:: PLCB3
Uniprot ID:: Q01970
Molecular weight:: 138797.725

Enzyme Details

5. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This form has a role in retina signal transduction.
Gene Name:: PLCB4
Uniprot ID:: Q15147
Molecular weight:: 136105.065

Enzyme Details

6. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-1

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. Essential for trophoblast and placental development.
Gene Name:: PLCD1
Uniprot ID:: P51178
Molecular weight:: 88134.23

Enzyme Details

7. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-3

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: Hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate 2 second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). DAG mediates the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), while IP3 releases Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Essential for trophoblast and placental development. May participate in cytokinesis by hydrolyzing PIP2 at the cleavage furrow.
Gene Name:: PLCD3
Uniprot ID:: Q8N3E9
Molecular weight:: 89257.54

Enzyme Details

8. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase delta-4

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: Hydrolyzes the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate 2 second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). DAG mediates the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), while IP3 releases Ca(2+) from intracellular stores. Required for acrosome reaction in sperm during fertilization, probably by acting as an important enzyme for intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization in the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. May play a role in cell growth. Modulates the liver regeneration in cooperation with nuclear PKC. Overexpression up-regulates the Erk signaling pathway and proliferation.
Gene Name:: PLCD4
Uniprot ID:: Q9BRC7
Molecular weight:: 87584.515

Enzyme Details

9. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase epsilon-1

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. PLCE1 is a bifunctional enzyme which also regulates small GTPases of the Ras superfamily through its Ras guanine-exchange factor (RasGEF) activity. As an effector of heterotrimeric and small G-protein, it may play a role in cell survival, cell growth, actin organization and T-cell activation.
Gene Name:: PLCE1
Uniprot ID:: Q9P212
Molecular weight:: 223869.895

Enzyme Details

10. 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase eta-1

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by calcium-activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes.
Gene Name:: PLCH1
Uniprot ID:: Q4KWH8
Molecular weight:: 189221.52

Transporters

Enzyme Details

1. Cubilin

General function:: Involved in calcium ion binding
Specific function:: Cotransporter which plays a role in lipoprotein, vitamin and iron metabolism, by facilitating their uptake. Binds to ALB, MB, Kappa and lambda-light chains, TF, hemoglobin, GC, SCGB1A1, APOA1, high density lipoprotein, and the GIF-cobalamin complex. The binding of all ligands required calcium. Serves as important transporter in several absorptive epithelia, including intestine, renal proximal tubules and embryonic yolk sac. Interaction with LRP2 mediates its trafficking throughout vesicles and facilitates the uptake of specific ligands like GC, hemoglobin, ALB, TF and SCGB1A1. Interaction with AMN controls its trafficking to the plasma membrane and facilitates endocytosis of ligands. May play an important role in the development of the peri-implantation embryo through internalization of APOA1 and cholesterol. Binds to LGALS3 at the maternal-fetal interface
Gene Name:: CUBN
Uniprot ID:: O60494
Molecular weight:: 398672.8

Enzyme Details

2. Solute carrier family 22 member 6

General function:: Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:: Involved in the renal elimination of endogenous and exogenous organic anions. Functions as organic anion exchanger when the uptake of one molecule of organic anion is coupled with an efflux of one molecule of endogenous dicarboxylic acid (glutarate, ketoglutarate, etc). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonic acid (DMPS). Mediates the sodium-independent uptake of p- aminohippurate (PAH), ochratoxin (OTA), acyclovir (ACV), 3'-azido- 3-'deoxythymidine (AZT), cimetidine (CMD), 2,4-dichloro- phenoxyacetate (2,4-D), hippurate (HA), indoleacetate (IA), indoxyl sulfate (IS) and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2- furanpropionate (CMPF), cidofovir, adefovir, 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) guanine (PMEG), 9-(2- phosphonylmethoxyethyl) diaminopurine (PMEDAP) and edaravone sulfate. PAH uptake is inhibited by p- chloromercuribenzenesulphonate (PCMBS), diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC), sulindac, diclofenac, carprofen, glutarate and okadaic acid. PAH uptake is inhibited by benzothiazolylcysteine (BTC), S-chlorotrifluoroethylcysteine (CTFC), cysteine S-conjugates S-dichlorovinylcysteine (DCVC), furosemide, steviol, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore A23187, benzylpenicillin, furosemide, indomethacin, bumetamide, losartan, probenecid, phenol red, urate, and alpha-ketoglutarate
Gene Name:: SLC22A6
Uniprot ID:: Q4U2R8
Molecular weight:: 61815.8

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 1085 proteins in total.

Show all enzymes and transporters

Showing metabocard for Calcium (HMDB0000464)

MOL for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

3D MOL for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

3D SDF for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

3D-SDF for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

PDB for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

3D PDB for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

SMILES for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

INCHI for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

Structure for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

3D Structure for HMDB0000464 (Calcium)

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

Predicted Retention Times

Underivatized

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MS/MS Spectra

Enzymes

Transporters